护士长对患者实施人文关怀的范围综述

Scope review of human caring for patients by head nurses

目的:了解国内外护士长对患者实施人文关怀的现况,整合其中的有效措施及效果评价方法,为护理管理者提供借鉴。方法:以Arksey和O′Malley提出的范围综述方法为框架,以护士长/护理管理者、人文关怀/关怀/以人为本、患者/病人及相应的英文为检索词,检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普网、中华医学会期刊全文数据库,医知网(PubMed、Elsevier、Springer、Wiley、OVID、EBSCO)、Cochrane Library,检索时限为建库至2022年11月29日,由2名研究者独立筛选和提取文献的基本特征及护士长对患者实施人文关怀的措施和效果评价工具。结果:共纳入57篇文献。在护士长作为直接护理者和组织管理者2个层面综述其对患者实施人文关怀的措施,作为直接护理者层面的措施包括通过查房实施人文关怀,营造关怀氛围,设立护士长接待日,访谈患者及家属的关怀需求,基于人文关怀角度创新工作方式方法,与患者及家属的关怀性沟通;作为组织管理者层面的措施包括构建具有专科特色的护理人文关怀模式,构建针对不同患者群体的人文关怀护理模式,加强对护士人文关怀能力和素养的培训,构建关怀环境和氛围,简化护理工作流程,建立连续的、多样化的护患沟通模式,为出院患者提供延续人文关怀,组织参与人文关怀社会实践活动,设置"爱心照护岗",关怀督导与质控。主要采用患者满意度调查评价实施人文关怀实践的效果,评价对象为护士或护理服务。结论:护士长在实施人文关怀中发挥重要作用,可采取多种措施直接或间接对患者实施人文关怀。建议构建覆盖更多专科和患者群体的人文关怀模式,并完善以护士长为评价对象的患者满意度测评工具。

ObjectiveTo explore the current practice of head nurses′human caring for patients at home and abroad,and integrate those effective measures and effect evaluation methods,so as to provide reference for nursing administrators.MethodsA framework was built on the scope review method proposed by Arksey and O′Malley,and such search terms as head nurse/nursing administrator,human caring/care/human-based,sick person/patient,nursing supervisory/charge nurse/head nurse/nurse administrator/nurse manager/nurse executive,empathy/care/compassion,patient/client were used.CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP,Chinese Medical Association Journal Full-text Database,Medical Knowledge Network(PubMed,Elsevier,Springer,Wiley,OVID,EBSCO)and the Cochrane Library were searched from their initiation to November 29,2022.Two researchers independently screened and extracted basic characteristics of the literature,as well as the measures used by the head nurses to implement human caring for patients and the effect evaluation tools.ResultsA total of 57 articles were included.This paper reviewed the measures of human caring for patients at both levels of head nurses as direct caregivers and as organizers.The measures at the level of direct caregivers included implementing human caring in their ward rounds,creating a caring atmosphere,setting up a head nurse reception day,interviewing the care needs of patients and their families,innovating working methods based on the perspective of human caring,and caring communication with patients and their families;measures at the level of organizers included building a nursing human caring mode with specialist characteristics,building a human caring mode for different patient groups,strengthening the training of nurses′human caring ability and literacy,building a caring environment and atmosphere,simplifying the nursing work process,and establishing a continuous and diversified nurse-patient communication mode,continuing human caring for discharged patients,organizing participation of nurses in social practices of human caring,setting up caring posts,and conducting care supervision and quality control.Patient satisfaction survey was used to evaluate the practical effects of human caring,but the evaluation objects were nurses or nursing services.ConclusionsHead nurses play an important role in the implementation of human caring,and a variety of measures can be taken to directly or indirectly implement human caring for patients.It is suggested to build more human caring modes to cover more specialties and patient groups,and improve the patient satisfaction evaluation tools with head nurses as the evaluation object.