从问候语看现代汉语程式语的语用变体系统

The Allopract System of Formulaic Modern Chinese Language from the Perspective of Greetings

问候语、招呼语、寒暄语一直是应用语言学研究领域的重要议题。本文尝试在辨析三者内涵与外延差异的基础上,专题化考察现代汉语问候语的各种边缘形式及其相关归属,即语用变体。以问候语为范例,程式语的语用变体可以归入一套四层五类的层级系统,力求全面、协调、简洁、直观。第一层级是结构变体和内容变体,第二层级是在内容变体中划分出功能变体和时空变体,第三层级进一步在时空变体中划分出时间变体和空间变体,第四层级将空间变体划分为领域变体和语域变体。程式语语用变体展现出丰富的社会语用学知识,尤其是语用变体毗邻对之间的互动关系,具有广阔的探索空间。

Greetings,salutations and phatic language have always been heatedly discussed in the academia of Applied Linguistics.Based on the analysis of the differences in the connotation and denotation of the three terms,this paper attempts to thematically investigate the allopracts of modern Chinese,the various marginal forms of greetings and their taxonomy.Taking greetings as an example,the allopracts of formulaic expression can be analyzed as a hierarchical system of four levels and five categories with the features of comprehensiveness,self-consistency,concision and accessibility.The first level is the structural and the content variants.The second level divides content variants into functional and spatio-temporal variants.The third level further divides spatio-temporal variants into temporal and spatial variants.The fourth level ultimately divides spatial variants into domain and register variants.The allopracts manifest vast knowledge in socio-pragmatics,as well as the interaction between the adjacency pairs,offering bright prospects for further study.