言语产出中舌尖现象的年老化机制

The Aging Mechanism of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon in Speech Production

本研究选取青年和老年被试各20名,实验一通过图片命名范式考察名词类型对TOT年老化的影响;实验二利用启动范式探究语音启动和语义启动是否会影响TOT年老化和语音、语义检索。研究发现:名词类型不是影响TOT年老化的主要因素;语音启动更多地减少了老年人TOT的发生率;语义启动增加了青年人在普通名词中TOT的发生率;语音与语义节点的激活对不同层面的传递起不同的作用:语义启动对语音检索起阻碍作用,语音启动在一定条件下对语义检索起促进作用。综合上述结果,本研究支持传递不足假说。

In this study,20 young and 20 elderly subjects are selected.Experiment 1 examines the effect of noun type on TOT aging through the picture naming paradigm.Experiment 2 uses the priming paradigm to explore whether phonological priming and semantic priming affect TOT aging and phonetic and semantic retrieval.It was found that noun type was not the major factor influencing TOT aging;that phonological priming more likely reduced TOT incidence in the elderly;that semantic priming increased the incidence of TOT in young people in common nouns;and that activation of phonological and semantic nodes played different roles in different levels of transmission.Semantic priming hindered phonological retrieval and phonological priming facilitated semantic retrieval under certain conditions.Taken together,these results support the Transmission Deficit Hypothesis.