面神经颊支与腮腺导管的路径分析

Path analysis of buccal branch of facial nerve and parotid duct

目的探究国人面神经颊支与腮腺导管的解剖学关系,为外科医生行颌面部手术及面部整形手术提供形态学基础和参考。方法选取20例经福尔马林固定的尸体半侧脸。排除肿瘤、外伤、畸形、手术等导致的面部缺陷样本。测量面神经颊支交点到腮腺导管起始点的距离,以及上下颊支到腮腺导管的垂直距离,计数面神经颊支与腮腺导管交点的个数。结果在20例半面中,颊支与腮腺导管的交点数为2~19个,平均(4.75±3.71)个。交点到腮腺导管起始点的距离为1.29~41.38 mm。颊分支的数量为3~7个。上颊支起始点到腮腺导管起始点的距离为5.06~28.51 mm,平均(13.26±5.94)mm。下颊支起始点到腮腺导管起始点的距离为2.15~46.63 mm,平均(9.63±10.20)mm。面神经颊支与腮腺导管的关系分成四种类型,其中以Ⅲ型上下颊支形成颊丛最常见。结论面神经颊支与腮腺导管关系密切,走行复杂,掌握面神经颊支与腮腺导管的关系,有助于减少颌面部手术及面部整形手术中的损伤,提高手术成功率。

Objective The anatomical relationship between the buccal branch of facial nerve and parotid duct was explored to provide morphological basis and reference for surgeons in maxillofacial surgery and facial plastic surgery.Methods Twenty cases of half of cadaveric head immobilized by formalin were selected.Facial defect samples caused by tumor,trauma,deformity and surgery were excluded.The distance between the intersection point of the buccal branch of facial nerve and the initial point of the parotid duct,and the vertical distances between the superior and inferior buccal branch and the parotid duct were measured,and the number of intersection points between the buccal branch of facial nerve and the parotid duct was counted.Results In 20 cases of half of cadaveric head,the number of intersection points between the buccal branch and the parotid duct ranged from 2 to 19,with an average of(4.75±3.71).The distances from the intersection points to the initial point of parotid duct were 1.29 to 41.38 mm.The number of buccal branches was 3 to 7.The distances from the initial point of the superior buccal branches to the initial point of the parotid duct were 5.06 to 28.51 mm,and the average distance was(13.26±5.94)mm.The distances from the initial point of inferior buccal branches to the initial point of parotid duct were 2.15 to 46.63 mm,and the average distance was(9.63±10.20)mm.The relationships between the buccal branch of facial nerve and parotid duct were divided into four types,among which typeⅢof buccal plexus formed by the superior and inferior buccal branches was the most common.Conclusion The buccal branch of facial nerve is closely related to parotid duct,with complex running.Understanding the relationship between the buccal branch of facial nerve and parotid duct can reduce the injury and improve the success rate in maxillofacial surgery and facial plastic surgery.