环南海地区海上丝路历史城市空间形态研究——以五座典型城市为例

The Spatial Form of Historical Cities along the Maritime Silk Road around the South China Sea:A Case Study based on Five Typical Cities

环南海地区海上丝路历史城市既是古代海洋贸易与人文交流的空间载体,也是现代“一带一路”倡议与“海洋命运共同体”理念落实的文化高地,对于推动基于历史、着眼未来的国际历史遗产保护合作具有重要意义。采用历史信息转译、对比分析等方法,选取环南海地区五座典型海上丝路历史城市,提炼总结其在丝路贸易与殖民贸易两个时期所呈现的“有破有立、港性凸显、植入限定、海洋倾向、商贸完备”五个空间形态特征,分析归纳得到渐进式同化和突变式移植两种空间形态演变模式,并在此基础上进一步剖析经济贸易主导因素及其他因素对城市空间形态的综合影响机制,以期为国际海洋贸易型历史城市研究以及联合保护发展提供前瞻性探索。

The historical cities along the Maritime Silk Road around the South China Sea are not only spaces of ancient maritime trade and cultural exchanges,but are also the cultural highland for implementation of"The Belt and Road"initiative and the concept of"Maritime Community with a Shared Future".Relevant research has attracted attention both at home and abroad in recent years,and is of great significance for promoting international cooperation in the protection of historical heritage.However,there are few academic studies on the historical cities along the Maritime Silk Road.The literature lacks a comparative analysis on the development context and spatial form of historical cities along the Marine Silk Road from a holistic perspective.Moreover,there are some problems in the literature,such as imbalanced study time frames and weak correlation between development of historical cities and the Maritime Silk Road.In this study,the collected historical information of urban spatial form was annotated on modern maps using different spatial elements based on historical information translation,literature review,comparative analysis,and other methods.This study was conducted on this basis.Firstly,the study reviewed the development of the Maritime Silk Road around the South China Sea and historical cities along it during the silk road trade and colonial trade.In this way,the spatial pattern of four major trade circles and multi-center historical city clusters formed in the South China Sea in the early 20th century was obtained.Five typical historical cities along the Maritime Silk Road,including Guangzhou,Malacca,Georgetown,Jakarta,and Manila,were chosen as research objects in this study.Secondly,the study compared and analyzed the spatial form of five cities during the silk road trade and colonial trade period,and five characteristics were extracted:constraints and freedom;portability prominence;implantation and limitation;ocean orientation;and trade specialization.Two spatial evolution models were summarized:progressive assimilation centered around internal adaptation,and sudden transplantation focusing on external intervention.Finally,the influencing mechanisms of the natural environment,economy and trade,and religion and culture on the urban spatial form were further explored.Close attention was paid to analyzing the dominant role of the traditional port economy and monopolistic port economy in economic and trade factors,as well as the ways in which they drove demand and promoted transformation of the natural environment and religious cultural factors.The common elements and uniqueness of historical cities were investigated by situating them in the cross-regional and large-scale cultural route of the Maritime Silk Road in the South China Sea.This was supplemented by comparative studies of several historical cities oriented to maritime trade at home and abroad.In addition,the comprehensive influences of economy,culture,and diversified elements on the spatial form of historical cities along the Maritime Silk Road,as well as correlations among different factors,were examined,thus enabling an understanding of the development context of historical cities along the Maritime Silk Road and perfecting the analysis framework for urban space forms.Due to the extensive research perspective,there are still some limitations in data acquisition and translation of historical cities along the Maritime Silk Road in the South China Sea.It is expected that a more comprehensive survey,acquisition,and study of important historical cities along the"The Belt and Road'will be performed,aiming to provide continuous explorations for the joint protection and development of historical cities oriented to international maritime trade.