生活性街道环境亲生物质量对感知恢复性的影响研究——以徐州市为例

Study on the Impact of Biophilic Quality in Living Streets on Perceived Restorativeness:Taking Xuzhou as an Example

健康城市理念下,生活性街道对身心的恢复与疗愈效能受到广泛关注,空间环境的亲生物特征是感知恢复性的重要预测因素,其作用机理与应用途径有待深入探究。基于亲生物设计理论与恢复性环境相关理论,运用结构方程模型对徐州市主城区7条生活性街道的调研数据进行分析,建构生活性街道环境亲生物质量对感知恢复性的影响模型。结果表明:自然要素、自然形态、自然模式和自然系统联系是衡量生活性街道亲生物质量的4项维度,其中自然模式通过自然连接度而间接正向影响感知恢复性,自然系统联系直接正向影响感知恢复性,自然要素和自然形态分别显著正向影响自然模式和自然系统联系。揭示了生活性街道中亲生物环境质量4项维度的内在作用关系和对感知恢复性的影响机制,识别了重要亲生物设计模式,为以健康疗愈导向的街道空间环境更新设计提供理论依据。

Restorative experiences can allow individuals to regain physical and mental health and social capabilities lost during environmental adaptation,thus promoting wellness and progress.This has become an important goal of urban built environment planning with the"Healthy China"strategy and the"people-oriented"concept.Living streets are the main places to create restorative experiences;they are widely distributed in cities,closely related to community life,highly open,and frequently used by the public in daily life.Biophilic quality is an effective design approach and predictor of restoration benefits in the built environment;however,the measurement methods and restoration benefits of biophilic qualities in living streets are unclear.As such,this study aims to construct biological quality measurement indicators for the microenvironment of the living street,and quantitatively explore the mechanism of their perceived restoration benefits,providing guidance for improving the restoration ability of the living street.Firstly,a hypothesis for the correlation model between street biological quality and perceived resilience is proposed based on the literature review,establishing preliminary measurement dimensions and indicators for key variables such as biological quality,natural connectivity,and perceived resilience.Then,a survey scale containing 6 potential variables and 27 measurement indicators was constructed based on the hypothesis model.Seven living streets in multi-level communities in the main urban area of Xuzhou were selected as the survey sites,and 451 valid samples were obtained.Finally,the model was revised and optimized,and the standardization coefficient of the final model was calculated based on statistical analysis,reliability and validity tests,model fit tests,and path coefficient tests,which were conducted using SPSS 23.0 and Amos 24.0 software.The results show that biophilic qualities in the living street can be characterized using four dimensions in decreasing order of weight,namely,Systema Naturae connection(β=0.94),natural model(β=0.91),natural form(β=0.90),and natural elements(β=0.86).There was a significant positive impact of natural factors on natural patterns(β=0.679,P<0.001)and on Systema Naturae(β=0.308,P<0.05);a significant positive impact of natural forms on natural patterns(β=0.394,P<0.05)and Systema Naturae(β=0.718,P<0.001);and a significant positive impact of natural patterns on natural connectivity(β=0.929,P<0.05).In addition,subjective perception recovery is influenced by natural connectivity(β=0.166,P<0.05)and Systema Naturae(β=0.648,P<0.05).Based on the above,the following conclusions can be drawn,First,there exist complex interactions among the four dimensions of biophilic quality,and the two dimensions of natural factors and natural forms positively affect natural models and Systema Naturae.Secondly,the biophilic quality of a living street has a direct positive effect on perceived resilience,and subjective perceived resilience can also be improved by increasing natural connectivity.Third,the four dimensions of biophilic quality have different effects on perceived resilience.The connection of Systema Naturae has a direct positive impact on perceived resilience,and the natural model has a positive impact on perceived resilience by affecting natural connectivity.Natural elements and natural forms are associated with perceived resilience through the connection between natural models and Systema Naturae.Finally,it is proposed that an environmental correlation be established at the cultural-regional-ecological level,that the natural characteristics of street buildings and facilities be enhanced,and that dynamic,organic street landscapes and self-organized renewal models be created based on the constructed impact mechanism model to inspire the development of restoration in the street.