青藏高原土壤湿度-气候相互影响研究进展

Research progress on soil moisture-climate interaction on the Tibetan Plateau

土壤湿度作为一个具有“记忆性”的重要气候变量,可以通过改变地表的能量和水分交换,进而影响局地乃至全球的大气环流,因此受到全球气候观测系统计划的重视。近年来青藏高原土壤湿度观测网(站)建设发展迅速,为局地陆气相互作用研究提供了可靠的数据支撑。本文从不同的土壤湿度资料在青藏高原的适用性、高原土壤湿度的时空变化特征及其对气候的影响综述了近年来的国内外研究进展。由于土壤湿度在时空上的高度变异性,现有相关研究大多使用再分析资料、陆面数据同化资料和卫星遥感数据来补充观测资料进行青藏高原土壤湿度与气候的相互影响研究。但模式选择、算法和实验方案的不同,导致青藏高原土壤湿度的补充资料适用性不同,使得前人对高原土壤湿度如何影响中国及全球气候得出不同结论,故相关问题需要进一步讨论,并提出了后期青藏高原土壤湿度研究需要解决的关键问题。

As an important climate variable with“memory”,soil moisture can affect the local and global atmosphere circulation by changing the energy and water exchange on the surface,so that it has attracted the attention of the Global Climate Observing System(GCOS).In recent years,the construction of the Tibetan Plateau soil moisture observation network(station)developed rapidly,providing reliable data support for the study of local land-atmosphere interaction.This paper summarizes the research progress at home and abroad in recent years about the applicability of different soil moisture data on the Tibetan Plateau,the temporal and spatial characteristics of plateau soil moisture and its impact on climate.The study found that due to the high variability of soil moisture in time and space,reanalysis data,land surface data assimilation data and satellite remote sensing data are often used to replace observation data to study the interaction between soil moisture and climate on the Tibetan Plateau.However,due to the difference in model,algorithm and experiment schemes,the applicability of alternative data of soil moisture on the Tibetan Plateau is different,which makes the scholars draw different conclusions on how the soil moisture on the plateau affects the climate on China and the world,and relevant issues need to be further discussed.The key problems to be solved in the later study of soil moisture on the Tibetan Plateau are also proposed.