明代小九卿身份考析

Analysis of Identity of Xiao Jiu Qing in Ming Dynasty

九卿是历代政治生活中的重要称谓之一。自明代九卿分大小后,大九卿的身份一直稳定,小九卿则解释纷杂。经考证,六部都通大佐贰官、左右春坊并非小九卿。其余三品(除通政司、大理寺)至五品的文职京官衙门中,除上林苑监外,计十一个衙门,均有为小九卿之佐证。因此,明人所指的小九卿似并不像大九卿一样固定,而是存在泛指和特指的情况。小九卿诸说解释混乱反映出传统九卿概念对明人的影响。辨析明代小九卿的身份,有利于加深对明代官僚制度及官场文化的认识。

Jiu Qing is one of the important appellations in political life in the past dynasties.Since the Ming Dynasty,the identity of the Da Jiu Qing has been stable,while the Xiao Jiu Qing has a lot of explanations.After research,Liubu and Dutongda's deputy,Chunfang is not Xiao Jiu Qing.Among the other three(except the Tongzheng Department and Dali Temple)to five types of civil capital department,eleven department except Shanglin Yuan are evidence of the Xiao Jiu Qing.The confusion in Xiao Jiu Qing's interpretation reflects the influence of traditional Jiu Qing concepts on Ming people.It is helpful to deepen the understanding of Ming Dynasty bureaucracy and officialdom culture to distinguish the identity of Xiao Jiu Qing in Ming Dynasty.