前驱体工程制备高效无机CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿太阳电池

High efficiency inorganic CsPbX_(3) perovskite solar cells based on precursor engineering

无机CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿材料由于其优异的光电性能、较宽的可调带隙及简单的制备工艺而得到广泛关注。溶液制备无机CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿结晶速率过快,结晶质量不高,所获得的CsPbX_(3)薄膜体相和表面存在大量的缺陷,严重影响了CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿太阳电池(perovskite solar cells,PSCs)的效率和稳定性,因此需要调控CsPbX_(3)薄膜的结晶过程,钝化其缺陷,以便获得高质量的钙钛矿薄膜和高效、稳定的无机CsPbX_(3)PSCs。近年来,前驱体工程已被证明是获得高质量钙钛矿薄膜的有效策略。该文对无机CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿晶体结构、光电性能、制备方法及存在问题等方面进行概述,总结并讨论了基于前驱体工程制备高质量无机CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿薄膜的4种主要方法,包括组分优化、添加剂策略、中间相调控、异质结构筑。其中,组分优化能够有效调控结晶速率和结晶路径;添加剂策略实现对不同类型缺陷的钝化;中间相调控是获得优良的表面形貌和高结晶度钙钛矿薄膜的关键策略;异质结构筑是抑制不利非辐射复合,提高钙钛矿稳定性的有效策略。最后,对无机CsPbX_(3)PSCs研究的发展趋势进行了展望,在未来应该深入探索CsPbX_(3)钙钛矿薄膜结晶机理和缺陷钝化物理机制,以制备高质量钙钛矿薄膜,同时应致力于大面积器件和叠层电池的制备和开发,以实现更高的光电转换效率和商业化应用。

Inorganic CsPbX_(3) materials have been widely studied due to their excellent photoelectric properties,adjustable band gap and simple preparation process.However,the crystallization rate of CsPbX_(3) perovskite is too fast by solution-based method,which leads to poor film quality with many defects at the bulk and surface of the film,and affects the efficiency and stability of the CsPbX_(3) perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Therefore,the obtaining of high-quality CsPbX_(3) perovskite films is the key to achieving efficient and stable inorganic PSCs.In recent years,it has been proven that precursor engineering is an effective strategy for obtaining high quality perovskite films.Based on the overview of the crystal structure,photoelectric properties,preparation process and current problems of inorganic CsPbX_(3) perovskite films,this paper summarizes and discusses several methods of preparing high quality inorganic perovskite films based on precursor engineering,including precursor component optimization,additive strategy,intermediate phase adjusting and heterogeneous structure construction.The advantages of these method are summarized as follows:component optimization can effectively regulate the crystallization rate and path;additive strategy focuses on passivation of different types of defects;intermediate phase adjusting is the key factor to obtain excellent surface morphology and high crystallinity perovskite films;and heterogeneous structure construction is a promising strategy to inhibit adverse non-radiative recombination and improve the stability of perovskite.Finally,the development trend of CsPbX_(3) PSCs is prospected.In the future,the crystallization mechanism and defect passivation mechanism of CsPbX_(3) perovskite film should be further explored to prepare high-quality perovskite film.Meanwhile,the preparation and development of large-area devices and tandem cells should be investigated to achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency and commercial application.