个人破产制度中债务人最低保障问题探析

Analysis on the issue of the Debtor’s Minimum Guarantee in the Personal Bankruptcy System

市场主体退出制度是现代化经济体系的重要组成部分,自然人在现代经济体系中已经成为不可缺少的一部分,由此配套的主体退出制度也应当将自然人纳入进去。个人破产制度在实现债权和保护债权人利益的同时,还应当为“诚实而不幸”的债务人提供救济。免责作为个人破产制度的核心,应当限定在能够满足债务人在破产后维持其基本生活。因此在严格规定债务人的权利和义务时,也要做好债务人最低生活保障,保障债务人在失权阶段的基本人身权利、财产权利,使其在复权后能够回归社会。

The exit system for market participants is an important part of the modern economic system,and natural per⁃sons have become an integral part of the modern economic system,so the accompanying exit system for participants should also include natural persons.A personal insolvency regime should provide relief for“honest and unfortunate”debtors,while realising claims and protecting the interests of creditors.Exemptions,which are central to a personal insolvency regime,should be limited to what is necessary for the debtor to maintain his or her basic livelihood after insolvency.Therefore,while strictly stipulating the rights and obligations of debtors,it is also necessary to provide debtors with minimum livelihood pro⁃tection,and to guarantee the basic personal and property rights of debtors during the stage of disenfranchisement,so that they can return to society after restoration of their rights.