德姆塞茨“交易成本”管理理论的伦理困境与先秦儒家管理哲学的效率机理

The Ethical Dilemma of Demsetz's“Transaction Cost”Management Theory and the Efficiency Mechanism of the Pre-Qin Confucian Management Philosophy

对于儒家处世观,以往我们多描述为“入世”,或视之为以“入世”为主,以“出世”为辅。事实上,回溯到孔孟便会意识到,我们既不能将其描述为单纯的“入世”,也不宜以“二分”法思维将其笼统概括为“入世”和“出世”,儒家处世观应分“易世”“融世”“出世”三个不同面向。以“三分”法来认识儒家处世观,较为客观公允。儒家处世观是贯通“道”与“时”的行动哲学,是兼顾原则性与灵活性的实用智慧。儒家处世观是既入世又出世、既易世又融世又出世的。孔子“集大成”之称的由来,与处世观话题密切关联,孔子首先在处世态度问题上做到了“集大成”,这对后世影响深远。由此一点,亦可窥见儒家思想、儒学在整个中国思想文化史上的独特地位。

Influenced by the western classical dualistic intellection,the western management philosophy usually regards the completely rational“economic man”who pursues the maximization of interests as the only human nature presupposition,while the“moral man”is expelled to the field of individual spiritual cultivation.In this context,Demsetz fell into an ethical dilemma inconsistent with the human nature presupposition of the mainstream western management philosophy when discussing the“transaction cost”theory of enterprise management,especially the superiority of team spirit construction in reducing the“transaction cost.”Compared with the Pre-Qin Confucian management philosophy,it can be found that with the dual dimensions of human nature presupposition—“secular dimension”and“transcendental dimension”as the watershed,the Pre-Qin Confucian management thought can not only provide a way out for the dual ethical dilemma of human nature presupposition in Demsay's“transaction cost”management theory,but also manifest the dual dynamic mechanism from the human nature dimension at the management efficiency level.