儒家管理哲学中的“命”与“天命”思想研究

A Study on the Thought of“Destiny”and“Heaven's Will”in Confucian Management Philosophy

“命”与“天命”是儒家管理思想中的两个非常重要的概念。理解这两个概念对于理解儒家管理思想内在的逻辑以及促进本土管理学进一步发展都有着非常重要的理论意义。本研究在阐述历代儒家关于“命”与“天命”思想的基础上,对这两个概念在儒家管理学范式形成中的作用进行了研究。研究显示,正是因为对“命”与“天命”的理解,儒家形成了包括“以义制利”“用人以德”“成己、成物”等在内的管理学范式,也使得儒家管理学相对于西方管理学来说更加成熟。同时,结合现阶段本土管理学面临的问题,本研究进一步讨论了“命”与“天命”对于本土管理学所具有的价值。研究认为,“命”与“天命”有助于本土管理学进一步思考管理应有的根本目标以及管理者优先需要何种知识类型这样两个非常重要的问题。

“Destiny”and“Heaven's Will”are two very imortant concepts in confucian management thoughts.Understanding these two concepts is of great theoretical significance for understanding the internal logic of the whole Confucian management thoughts and promoting the further development of indigenous management.On the basis of expounding the Confucian thoughts of“Destiny”and“Heaven's Will”in previous dynasties,this paper studies the role of these two concepts in the forming of Confucian management paradigm.The study indicates that it is because of the understanding of“Destiny”and“Heaven's Will”that Confucianism has formed a management paradigm,including“profits making with righteousness,”“people employment with morality,”“all-around self-growth and material development,”which also makes Confucian management more mature than western management.This study further canvases the value of“Destiny”and“Heaven's Will”in combination with the current problems in indigenous management for its further development.The study holds that the Confucian understanding facilitate the further thinking about the fundamental objectives and needed knowledge of management.