日本式管理的文化渊源

The Culture Origins of Japanese-style Management

20世纪80年代以日本企业的异军突起而令美欧同行惊诧莫名的所谓“日本式管理”,其另辟蹊径的意外成功,奥秘恐怕就与日本民族特有文化传统的协力助推不无关系。历经三次历史性的脱胎换骨,日本民族面对不同的外来文化,通过学习模仿、消化吸收和融合创新,完成了对印度佛教、中华唐宋经典文化、欧美文化与其本土“神道教”的混合集成,形成了自己富有个性色彩的文化传统,日本的国民精神和民族性格也逐渐塑型。这是日本现代企业管理最为直接的思想渊源。像被公认为日本式管理三大特色的终身雇佣制、年功序列制和企业工会制,就无疑带有明显的日本文化底色——源远流长的“神佛习合”的宗教伦理、独特的“集团主义”价值观和“武士道精神”浸淫的职业操守。

In the 1980s,the unexpected success of the so-called“Japanese-style management,”which surprised the American and European counterparts with the sudden rise of Japanese enterprises,is probably related to the synergy of the unique cultural traditions of the Japanese nation.Through three historic rebirths,the Japanese nation has completed the integration of Indian Buddhism,Chinese classic culture in the Tang and Song Dynasties,European and American culture and its native“Shintoism”through learning and imitation,digestion and absorption,integration and innovation.It has formed its own cultural tradition full of individuality,and Japan's national spirit and national character have gradually taken shape.This is the most direct ideological source of modern enterprise management in Japan.For example,the lifelong employment system,the Nenko system and the enterprise union system,known as the three characteristic Japanese management,undoubtedly have a clear Japanese cultural background—the long-standing religious ethics of“combination of God and Buddha,”and the professional ethics of unique“collectivist”values and the“Bushido Spirit.”