教师的教育惩戒权“不用”“误用”与“使用”:内涵辨析、原因阐释与共治路径

“Non-Use”,“Misuse”and“Use”of Teacher Educational Disciplinary Power:Connotation Analysis,Cause Explanation and Co-governance Path

教育惩戒权是学校教育教学管理,教师履行教书育人、落实立德树人根本任务的重要途径。学校和教师享有合情、合理、合法使用教育惩戒的权利,但是在教育教学过程中教育惩戒权行使存在着明显的两极分化:“不用”与“误用”现象。教师的教育惩戒权“不用”“误用”的原因在于教育惩戒与变相体罚认知界限模糊,教育惩戒后果的“不可预见性”,教育惩戒使用条件、过程和标准认识的主观性以及行使教育惩戒权引发的社会问题困扰。为了保证教师的教育惩戒权得到合理使用,政策规定上明确教育惩戒与变相体罚“权责法定”原则,完善教育惩戒权力救济制度,制定校本化的教育惩戒实施方案,营造教育惩戒权合理使用的社会环境。

The right of teacher education disciplinary power is an important way for school education management,for teachers to fulfill the basic task of teaching and educating and to implement the fundamental task of moral education.Schools and teachers have the right to use it in a sensible,reasonable and lawful manner,but in the process of education and teaching,the exercise of educational disciplinary power has obvious polarization:“non-use”and“misuse”.The reasons lie in the blurred cognitive boundary between educational punishment and disguised corporal punishment,the“unpredictability”of the consequences of educational punishment,the inadequate understanding of the conditions,process and standards of educational punishment,and the social problems caused by the exercise of it.In order to ensure the rational use of the right of teachers educational punishment,we should make clear the“statutory rights and responsibilities”of educational punishment and corporal punishment in disguised form,improve the relief system of educational punishment power,formulate a school-based implementation plan and create a safe social environment for the use of educational disciplinary power.