中国高等师范院校的社会贡献、历史演进及促动因素

The Social Contribution,Historical Evolution and Driving Factors of China’s Normal Colleges and Universities

为了因应时代变迁与国际环境大变革给我国社会变革与转型发展带来的巨大挑战,高等师范院校于20世纪初期在我国得以创设,此后便成为我国高等教育系统的重要组成部分,持续发挥着其独特的社会功能。作为师范教育体系的顶端部分,高等师范院校有力地引领着师范教育长远发展;为基础教育发展提供了源源不断的师资力量;有力促进了我国国民教育的普及。我国高等师范院校大致经历了晚清社会剧变期的诞生与雏形、民国时期的低落与沉寂、共和国时期的壮大与波动这三个主要阶段,其历史演进受到多重因素的交替交互影响:既有官方(学制、法律法规与政策、专门会议)的影响,也有学术界的影响;既有来自国内外不同教育思潮的深刻影响,也有来自教育界人士不同主张和教育界派系斗争的直接影响;既有来自客观环境变化的影响,也有来自高等师范院校自身的影响。在未来的日子里,我国高等师范院校仍然面临着环境变革所带来的巨大机遇和挑战。

In order to cope with the great challenges brought by the changes of the times and the great changes of the international environment to the social transformation and transformation of China,higher normal colleges were established in China at the beginning of the 20th century,and have become an indispensable member of the higher education system in China since then,and continue to play its unique social functions.As the main part of the normal education system,normal colleges and universities effectively lead the long-term development of normal education;It has provided a steady stream of teachers for the development of basic education;It has effectively promoted the popularization of education for the general public in China.China's normal colleges and universities have roughly experienced three major stages:the birth and embryonic form of the social upheaval in the late Qing Dynasty,the decline and silence of the Republic of China,and the growth and fluctuation of the Republic of China.The historical evolution of China's higher normal colleges and universities is influenced by multiple factors:both the official(academic system,laws,regulations and policies,special conferences)and the academic influence;there are not only profound influences from different educational thoughts at home and abroad,but also direct influences from different opinions of educational circles and factional struggles in educational circles;and there are both impacts from the changes in the objective environment and from the normal universities themselves.In the coming days,China's normal colleges and universities are still facing great opportunities and challenges brought by environmental change.