浅析我国粳稻育种现状及发展思路

Current Situation and Development Strategy of Japonica Rice Breeding in China

粳稻是我国最主要的口粮之一,全国常年种植面积约900万hm^(2),是国家粮食安全的重要支柱。种子是农业的“芯片”,是粮食的源头。近些年来,我国的粳稻生产在促进粮食增产增收、丰富口粮方面取得了长足发展。但是目前育种水平仍然相对滞后,主要还处于2.0向3.0过渡阶段,育种周期长、效率低;种质资源遗传多样性不够,遗传基础相对狭窄;原创性技术受制于人等问题仍然普遍存在。本文基于对当前粳稻育种多方面的思考,针对其存在的主要问题,提出如下育种思路:深度发掘原创性功能基因、突破关键核心育种技术、创制优异新种质资源、研发重大特异性新品种,以期对今后的粳稻育种工作带来有益的启发,助力粳稻产业振兴,端稳中国饭碗。

Japonica rice is one of the main grain crops in China,and an important pillar of national food security,the perennial planting area of about 9 million hectares.Seeds are the“chips”of agriculture and the source of food.In recent years,japonica rice production in China has made great development in increasing grain production and increasing income and enriching grain rations.However,the current breeding level is still relatively lagging behind,mainly in the transition stage from 2.0 to 3.0,with long breeding cycle and low efficiency.The genetic diversity of germplasm resources is not enough and the genetic basis is relatively narrow.The problem of original technology being controlled by others is still widespread.Based on the thinking of various aspects of current japonica rice breeding and the main problems,the following breeding ideas were put forward in this paper:in-depth exploration of original functional genes,breakthrough of key core breeding techniques,creation of excellent new germplasm resources,development of major specific new varieties,in order to bring beneficial inspiration to the future japonica rice breeding work,help the revitalization of japonica rice industry,and stabilize the rice bowl in China.