稻田除草剂应用现状与抗除草剂水稻育种研究进展

Application of Herbicides in Rice Fields and Research Progress on Herbicide-resistant Rice Varieties Breeding

在水稻生产中,杂草是影响稻谷产量和品质的主要原因之一,而除草剂是目前最有效的除草手段。近年来,市场供应的稻田除草剂商品种类庞杂,常用除草剂使用量逐年增加,单一除草剂长期大量使用带来的杂草抗药性问题和除草剂残留引起的食品安全、农田生态环境问题日益严重,难以有效解决。创制抗除草剂水稻品种是解决稻田杂草危害重、防控难的一种较好选择。本文从稻田杂草及其发生规律入手,介绍了水稻直播和移栽种植模式下杂草的治理措施、稻田常用除草剂应用现状及挑战,重点研究了最新的抗除草剂水稻新品种育种进展和应用情况,展望了生物育种技术在抗除草剂水稻创制中的发展前景,旨在为提高稻田杂草防控水平,促进抗除草剂水稻育种研究和扩展生物育种技术应用范围提供参考。

Weeds are major reason affecting yield and quality in rice production,and herbicides are the most effective methods in weed control.In recent years,the type of herbicides available on the market has become numerous and varied,the use of commonly used herbicides has increased year by year.The problem of weed resistance caused by long-term and heavy use of single herbicide,as well as food safety and ecological environmental problems caused by herbicide residues,have become increasingly serious,making it difficultly to solve effectively.Developing herbicide-resistant rice varieties is a better choice.This article started with the occurrence and rules of weeds in rice fields,and introduced the control measures for weeds in two planting modes of direct seeding and transplanting,as well as the application status and challenges of commonly used herbicides in rice fields.Then,the paper focused on the latest research progress and application of new herbicide-resistant rice varieties,and looked forward to the development prospects of biotechnology in the creation of herbicide-resistant rice varieties.The aim is to provide a reference for improving the level of weed control in paddy fields,promoting research on herbicide-resistant rice variety breeding,and expanding the application of biotechnology.