高γ-氨基丁酸水稻及其米制食品开发应用研究进展

Research Progress in Development and Application of High γ-aminobutyric Acid Rice and Its Metric Food

氨基丁酸(GABA)是一种动植物中普遍存在的四碳非蛋白质氨基酸。在哺乳动物中GABA是一种重要的抑制性神经递质,介导40%以上的抑制性神经传导,而在植物中GABA主要参与胁迫响应、调节碳氧平衡和传递信号等多种重要生命活动。富含GABA的稻米对人体具有调节血压、提高肝肾能力和改善睡眠质量等作用。本文综述了水稻品种间GABA含量差异、GABA代谢通路、GABA的保健功能、富集GABA的方法和国内外高GABA稻米的开发应用现状,并展望了高GABA水稻应用前景,以期为高GABA水稻育种及产品开发提供参考。

γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid widely found in plants and animals.In mammals,GABA is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter,mediating more than 40%of inhibitory nerve conduction,while in plants,GABA is mainly involved in stress response,carbon and oxygen balance regulation,signal transmission and other important life activities.GABA-rich rice can regulate blood pressure,improve liver and kidney capacity and improve sleep quality.The differences in GABA content among rice varieties,the health function of GABA,GABA enrichment methods,and the status and prospects of high GABA rice development and application in this paper were reviewed in order to provide reference for high GABA rice breeding and product development.