玉米少耕播种机主动式种床整理装置设计与试验

Design and experiment of active seed bed arrangement device of cornless tillage sower

东北黑土保护区在春季进行少耕播种时,存在秸秆覆盖量大,秸秆处理难、根茬粗大等情况,导致种床清理不干净,出现晾籽和机具堵塞等,为此设计一种主动式种床整理装置。通过对秸秆清理装置、种床少耕装置、传动系统等核心部件进行理论分析,得出相关结构及位置参数,以拨草轮转速n、作业速度v、回转半径r为试验影响因素,选取种床秸秆清理率为评价指标,设计三因素三水平正交试验,经软件优化可得:当拨草轮转速n为115r/min、作业速度v为3.5km/h、拨杆回转半径r为260mm时,种床秸秆清理率达到最优为65.5%;在最佳参数组合下进行田间验证,得出种床秸秆平均清理率为67.4%,与优化结果基本一致,一次完成种床秸秆清理、种带旋耕施肥、种床深松、播种镇压等多项作业,该研究可为在东北垄作地区大面积推广玉米少耕播种提供技术参考。

In the northeast black soil protection area,there are many problems such as large amount of straw cover,difficult straw treatment and coarse stubble,which will lead to unclean seed bed cleaning,seed drying and machine clogging.Therefore,an active seed bed finishing device was designed in this paper.Through theoretical analysis of the core components such as the straw cleaning device,seed bed reduced tillage device,and transmission system,the relevant structural and position parameters were determined.Taking the rotation speed n of the straw pulling wheel,the operation speed v,and the turning radius r as the experimental influencing factors,with seed bed straw cleaning rate as the evaluation index,a three-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment was designed.The software optimization results show that when the rotating speed of the straw-pulling wheel n was 115 r/min,the operating speed v was 3.5 km/h,and the turning radius of the straw-pulling rod r was 260 mm,the straw-cleaning rate of the seed bed reaches a maximum of 65.5%.Field validation under the optimal parameter combination confirms an average straw cleaning rate of 67.4%,consistent with the optimized results.This device enables seed bed straw cleaning,the seed belt rotary tillage,fertilization,seed bed deep loosening,sowing,and pressing.The study could provide a technical reference for promoting cornless tillage sowing in large northeast ridge culture areas.