自走式大蒜播种施肥一体机优化设计与试验

Optimized design and experiment of the self-propelled garlic drilling andfertilizing integrated machine

针对当前大蒜种植机械化程度较低的现状,设计一款自走式大蒜播种施肥一体机,并进行田间试验。采用蒜链与取种勺配合实现大蒜取种和输送,采用外槽轮排肥器实现肥料供给,并基于芯铧式开沟铲实现开沟;基于大蒜播种与施肥功能一体化要求,在降低整机尺寸、提高紧凑程度和效率的基础上,实现传动链有效分配,使其具有完善的自走功能,并能够有效调节种植株距;合理设计平行四边形举升机构,实现开沟铲和压辊自动升降,方便调节播施深度;基于ANSYS Workbench,在评估机架静力学、模态及频率响应的基础上进行型材优选,实现结构性能提升和减重。田间试验结果表明,提高运动速度和降低种植株距会导致漏播率明显上升,重播率下降,但整体播种合格率仍会较大程度降低;以邳州白蒜为对象,保持种植株距为120 mm,机具运动速度为15 m/min时,平均播种合格率为86.1%,漏播率为8.7%,重播率为5.2%,满足技术标准要求;预设施肥深度为6.2 cm时平均施肥深度为6.22 cm,施肥稳定系数为96.40%。机具能够有效满足大蒜播种与施肥的一体化要求。

A self-propelled garlic planting and fertilizing integrated machine was designed,and preliminary field experiments were conducted.The combination of the garlic picking chains and spoons realized garlic picking and transportation.The outer-fluted fertilizer apparatus was used to supply fertilizers.Double-wing ditchers were used to excavate ditches.Based on the requirements of integration of garlic drilling and fertilizing,the position,structure,and parameters of each assembly were determined to reduce the size and improve the compactness of the machine,and realize an effective distribution of the transmission chain,enabling adjustable plating spacing and thorough self-propelled function.The lifting mechanism was designed with a parallelogram structure,allowing for automatic lifting and lowering of the ditcher.Based on numerical simulation through ANSYS Workbench,the frame was optimized by evaluating the statics,modal,and frequency response to achieve performance improvements and weight reduction.Field experiment results indicated that increasing the movement speed and reducing the planting distance led to a significant increase in the missing planting rate and a decrease in reseeding rate,resulting in a decrease in overall drilling qualified rate.However,when the planting distance was set at 120 mm for Pizhou garlic and the machine's speed was 15 m/min,the average qualified rate of drilling was 86.1%,the average missing rate was 8.7%,and the average reseeding rate was 5.2%,meeting the required technical standards.Additionally,the average fertilization depth was 6.22 cm with a stability coefficient of 96.40%when the preset fertilizer depth was 6.2 cm,indicating satisfactory fertilization performance.Therefore,the machine can effectively realize mechanized drilling of garlic with reliable fertilization efficacy.