臭氧植保机在设施蔬菜苗期病害防治中的应用研究

Application of ozone sterilizer devices for controlling vegetable diseasesduring seeding stages in greenhouse

为探究新型臭氧植保机械对蔬菜苗期病害的防治效果以及对蔬菜生长的安全性,以番茄叶霉病、黄瓜白粉病、甘蓝猝倒病为试验对象,在采用不同病害防治措施的温室内开展蔬菜病害的防治试验。试验中,选用的新型臭氧植保机悬挂安装在温室内的顶部,利用高压放电法制取臭氧,通过配备的风机及气流导向板将臭氧扩散至温室的整个空间;通过手机APP远程控制设备臭氧的释放和实时监测设备的运行状态,实现温室内臭氧浓度的动态调控。与未采取病害防治措施的常规温室相比,使用臭氧植保机的温室番茄叶霉病、黄瓜白粉病、甘蓝猝倒病的发病率分别控制在5.2%、4.7%和17.4%,分别比常规温室降低12.2%、9.8%和1.8%。试验结果表明,臭氧对温室内番茄叶霉病和黄瓜白粉病具有较好的防治效果、对甘蓝猝倒病具有一定的防治效果,且使用安全。研究结果可为设施蔬菜病害的臭氧防治提供参考。

In order to explore the efficacy of a new type of ozone sterilizer device in controlling vegetable seedling diseases and its impact on the growth of vegetables,experiments on disease control were conducted in greenhouses using tomato leaf mold,cucumber powdery mildew,and cabbage damping-off as test subjects.In one of the greenhouses,the ozone plant protection machine was suspended from the greenhouse ceiling and used high-voltage discharge to generate ozone,which was then rapidly diffused throughout the facility using a high-speed fan and special air duct.The machine can be controlled remotely for real-time adjustment of ozone release,and its operation status can be constantly monitored using a mobile app.Thus,the ozone concentration in a facility can be dynamically adjusted to better control vegetable diseases.Compared with conventionally managed greenhouses without disease control measures,the incidence rates of tomato leaf mold,cucumber powdery mildew,and cabbage damping-off in the greenhouse with the installed multi-functional plant protection machine were controlled at 5.2%,4.7%,and 17.4%,which is 12.2%,9.8%,and 1.8%lower,respectively,than the incidence rates in the conventionally managed greenhouse.The results showed that ozone had favorable control effects on tomato leaf mold and cucumber powdery mildew and showed certain control effects on cabbage damping-off.Moreover,the ozone had no adverse effects on the normal growth of the vegetables.These data provide a reference for the wide use of ozone to control vegetable diseases in greenhouses.