重大公共卫生事件中政治态度的变化路径研究——基于扎根理论的分析

Research on the Changing Paths of Political Attitudese in Major Public Health Incidents:An Analysis based on Grounded Theory

面对突如其来的重大公共卫生事件的冲击,民众的政治态度极易发生变化。本文借助扎根理论的分析发现:在重大公共卫生事件中,民众的政治态度发生了积极与消极两种方向的变化,朝向积极方向的政治态度变化更多体现于政治认知中的肯定性信息增加,朝向消极方向的政治态度变化则更多聚集在政治情感上;促使政治态度发生转变的因素有利益关切、政府防控行为、媒体推动、参照效应、制度因素和政治价值观,这些因素构成了“多因素互嵌说”;由于六种因素在政治态度变化中的相互作用与催化形式不同,因此产生了不同的政治态度变化路径;其中参照效应在两种政治态度的分化中起到了关键性作用,联结起所有元素,形成了所谓的“参照逻辑”。

Under the impact of the sudden major public health event,research on political attitudes has focused on topics such as whether political attitudes have changed,what changes have occurred,and what factors have caused these changes.Unlike most existing studies that analyze political attitudes under normal situations using questionnaires,this research attempts to reveal the changing laws and changing paths of political attitudes under abnormal situations using grounded theory.An analysis of political attitudes under abnormal situations can not only explore the rare characteristics of political attitudes under normal situations but it also can quickly capture the little-known factors and paths that affect the changes in political attitudes under normal situations,thus compensating for the theoretical weaknesses in existing research on political attitudes and to a certain extent improving the theoretical system of political psychology.In Major Public Health Incidents,political attitudes underwent both positive and negative changes with differing intensities.The positive changes were more reflected in an increase of affirming information in political cognition,and the negative changes were more concentrated in political emotions,with an overall change in political behavior not particularly prominent.Interest concerns,government prevention and control behavior,media promotion,reference effects,institutional factors,and political values are all factors that promote changes in political attitudes,thus forming a“multi-factor interlocking theory”.The different forms of interactions and the different catalytic forms of these six factors result in different paths of changes in political attitudes.To be specific,interest concerns are a“trigger valve”causing changes political attitudes;government prevention and control behavior and media promotion are sources that stimulate changes in political attitudes;reference effects are the“watershed”and“inflection points”that promote changes in political attitudes;institutional factors are the results of the reference effects;and individual political values are the background factors in changes in political attitudes.The reference effects play a key role in the differentiation of the political attitudes,connecting all elements and forming a so-called“reference logic.”It is proposed that breakthroughs in government prevention and control behavior,media promotion,and individual political values can be based on the changes in political attitudes.The first breakthrough focuses on improving the emergency management system and enhancing the awareness and ability of officials to handle crises;the second breakthrough strengthens the positive,rational,and comprehensive media propaganda and weakens the solidified political cognition of individuals;and the third breakthrough builds a long-term relationship of trust between the public and the government and strengthens patriotic education.