行踪轨迹信息的法律属性考察与规则适用

Examination of the Legal attributes of Trajectory Information and Application of Rules

行踪轨迹信息作为特定场景下高敏感度和易受侵害的个人信息,应当明确其适用规则以平衡行踪轨迹信息的尊严性和资源性之间的价值。法律概念的恰当界定将用语之争引上事实之辩,是进一步探讨规则适用的根基。正面从时间关联、物理空间、直接识别性核心要素入手,结合反面排除技术要素,明确行踪轨迹信息的保护边界。敏感个人信息和私密信息的分殊决定了行踪轨迹信息规则适用的前提是敏感性和私密性的检验,而私密信息优先适用隐私权的立法逻辑难免会产生法律适用冲突。当行踪轨迹信息兼具敏感性和私密性时,应当依据信息处理者与信息主体之间是否存有结构对称关系对民法典第一千零三十四条第三款的适用范围进行限缩解释,以实现隐私权与个人信息权益的融合贯通。

As highly sensitive and vulnerable personal information in a particular context,the rules applicable to whereabouts and trajectory information should be clarified to balance the value between the dignity and resourceful⁃ness of whereabouts and trajectory information.The proper definition of legal concepts leads the battle of terms to a fac⁃tual debate and is the root of further exploration of the application of the rules.The positive side starts with the core ele⁃ments of temporal association,physical space and direct identifiability,combined with the negative side excluding tech⁃nical elements to clarify the boundaries of protection of whereabouts and trajectory information.The legislative logic of giving priority to the application of privacy rights to private information in the Civil Code inevitably generates conflicts of law application,and the distinction between sensitive personal information and private information determines that the application of the rules on whereabouts and trajectory information is premised on a test of sensitivity and privacy.When the whereabouts and trajectory information is both sensitive and private,the scope of application of Article 1034(3)of the Civil Code should be limited according to whether there is a structural symmetry between the information pro⁃cessor and the subject of the information,in order to achieve the integration of the rights and interests of privacy and personal information.