野生小熊猫主食竹叶围细菌的年际变化

Interannual Variation of Bacteria Communities in Red Pandas Foraging Bamboos Phyllosphere

竹叶作为竹林健康状况的重要指示器官,是竹子叶围微生物生存繁衍的重要场所,同时也是病原微生物入侵的重要入口,进而会影响野生小熊猫的健康状况。为了探究野生小熊猫主食竹叶围细菌的年际变化,本文以四川美姑大风顶国家级自然保护区的熊竹(Yushania ailuropodina)为研究对象,通过高通量测序技术探究了熊竹叶围细菌组成、多样性、群落结构的年际变化。研究发现,熊竹叶围细菌11月份OTUs最丰富,且OTUs丰富度秋冬季高于春夏季。12个月份的优势门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota),夏季(6月—8月)的变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度高于其他月份,但拟杆菌门的相对丰度低于其他月份。夏季(6月—8月)假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)的相对丰度明显高于其他月份,但1174-901-12的相对丰度低于其他月份。秋季(9月—11月)和冬季(12月—2月)小熊猫主食竹熊竹叶围细菌的丰富度(Sobs index)和多样性(Shannon index)高于其他季节;群落结构(un)weighted Unifrac distances在不同月份间存在一定的差异,其中夏季(6月—8月)的weighted Unifrac距离显著大于其他月份。本研究表明小熊猫主食竹叶围微生物丰富,其组成、多样性、群落结构具有明显的年际变化规律,且主要受季节的影响。本研究可为小熊猫主食竹资源的科学管理提供支撑,为野生小熊猫保护措施的科学制定提供参考依据。

As an important indicator organ of bamboo forest health,bamboo leaves are an important place for the survival and reproduction of microorganisms around bamboo leaves,as well as an important entrance for pathogenic microorganisms to invade,which will affect the health of wild red pandas.In order to investigate the interannual variation of bacteria communities in red pandas foraging bamboos phyllosphere,high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the composition and diversity of phyllosphere bacteria of Yushania ailuropodina in Sichuan Meigu Dafengding National Nature Reserve.The results showed that OTUs was most abundant in November,and the number of OTUs decreased from September 2021 to August 2022.Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota and Acidobacteriota were the predominant phyla in whole 12 months,and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in June,July and August was higher than that in other months.But the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was lower than that of other months.The relative abundance of Pseudomonas in June,July and August was significantly higher than that in other months,but the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and 1174-901-12 in June,July and August was lower than that in other months.The Sobs and Shannon index of phyllosphere bacteria in September,October and November were higher than those in other months.PCoA analysis based on weighted/unweighted UniFrac distance showed that the bacterial community structure of phyllosphere bacteria varied from different months at OTU level.This study improved our understanding of phyllosphere bacteria in red pandas foraging bamboos,and provided a reference for the protection of bamboo resources.