校园水源地鸟兽多样性及活动节律

Diversity and Activity Rhythm of Birds and Mammals in Water Source of University Campus

水的供给影响动物的多样性和行为,但在城市绿地规划中较少考虑水源对动物的影响。为了解城市绿地中水源对动物多样性和活动的影响,本研究于2018年2月至2019年8月,在大理大学古城校区非建筑区水源附近、建筑区水源附近和无水源的非建筑区区域分别安装2台、2台和3台触发式红外相机进行监测并分析物种多样性、雨旱季间活动节律和物种间活动节律的异同。结果:1)本次共调查到58种鸟类,6种哺乳动物,建筑区和非建筑区水源区域的拍摄率和鸟类多样性均高于非水源区;在非建筑区水源地和非水源地的兽类多样性均高于建筑区水源区。2)相对丰富度较高的6种鸟兽有北树鼩(Tupaia belangeri)、赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)、黄臀鹎(Pycnonotus xanthorrhous)、白喉红臀鹎(Pycnonotus aurigaster)、白颊噪鹛(Garrulax sannio)、黑胸鸫(Turdus dissimilis),核密度估计分析显示所有物种旱季的活动高峰都早于雨季,其中北树鼩的日活动节律在雨季和旱季没有显著差异,其它的动物类群雨旱季日活动节律均呈现显著差异。3)北树鼩、赤腹松鼠、白颊噪鹛两两之间日活动节律差异不显著,其它各个物种之间日活动节律呈现中等及以上程度的重叠,日活动节律差异显著;人类和6种鸟兽的日活动节律重叠程度较低且活动节律差异显著。本研究证明动物对水源的利用受需求和其他物种及人类干扰的影响,建议在今后的校园等绿地设计和管理中将动物对水资源的利用纳入考虑。

Water supply affects the diversity and behavior of animals,but the influence of water sources on animals is rarely considered in urban green space planning.In order to study the influence of water sources on animal diversity and activities in urban green spaces,from February 2018 to August 2019,we used 4 camera traps near ponds and other water sources and 3 trigger infrared cameras in areas without water sources in Dali University,to monitor and analyze the differences of species diversity,activity rhythm between rainy and dry seasons and activity rhythm of different species.The results were as follows:(1)A total of 58 species of birds and 6 species of mammals were recorded in this survey,and the capture rate and bird species diversity in water source areas were higher than those in non-water source areas.The mammal diversity in water source ares and non-water resourc ares of non-construciton area was higher than that in construction area.(2)The six species of birds and mammals with relatively high abundance were Tupaia belangeri,Callosciurus erythraeus,Pycnonotus xanthorrhous,Pycnonotus aurigaster,Garrulax sannio,Turdus dissimilis.The nuclear density estimation analysis showed that the peak activity of all species in dry season was earlier than that in rainy season.Estimation analysis revealed that all species’peak activity occurred earlier in the dry season than in the rainy season,with no significant differences in Tupaia belangeri’s daily activity rhythm in rainy saeson and dry season,but significant differences in the daily activity rhythm of other animal groups in rainy season and dry season.(3)There was no significant differences in daily activity rhythm among Tupaia belangeri,Callosciurus erythraeus and Garrulax sannio,but the daily activity rhythm of other species overlapped to a moderate or higher degree,but the daily activity rhythm was significantly different.The daily activity rhythms of human beings and six kinds of birds and mammals overlapped to a low degree,and the activity rhythms were significantly different.There was a low degree of daily activity rhythms overlap between humans and six birds and mammal species,and there was a significant difference in activity rhythm.The study proved that the utilization of water resources by animals was affected by demand and interference from other species and humans.It suggests that the use of water resources by animals should be considered in the design and management of green space such as campus in the future.