红景天对多器官疾病的治疗作用

Therapeutic effects of Rhodiola rosea on multi-organ diseases

红景天是景天科红景天属草本或亚灌木植物,主要生长在高海拔及高寒地带,具有顽强的生命力和耐低氧特性,以往在航空、航天、军事医学、运动医学和卫生保健等领域应用广泛,疗效肯定。红景天苷(Sal)及其苷元酪醇是红景天属植物的主要活性成分,是红景天的质量衡量指标。研究表明,Sal通过腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)/核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)等多条通路以及c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)、细胞外信号调节激酶(EPK)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等多种酶来抑制氧化应激并促进线粒体自噬,从而发挥其独特的抗过氧化作用,为氧化应激相关疾病提供新的预防和治疗方法。目前红景天提取物主要有口服剂型及静脉液体剂型,根据现有临床应用及动物实验证明,其在保护和治疗心血管系统、呼吸系统、神经系统、肝脏等器官方面具有显著疗效,而且具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、提高免疫力等治疗作用,安全性良好,且无急性和慢性毒性,在临床上的应用范围广阔。本文就近年来Sal的药理作用及分子机制的研究进展进行综述,为临床应用红景天治疗多系统、多器官疾病提供参考。

Rhodiola rosea is an herb or subshrub plant of the genus Rhodiola in the family Rhodiola,growing mainly at high altitudes and alpine zones,with tenacious vitality and low oxygen tolerance,and has been widely used in aviation,aerospace,military medicine,sports medicine,and health care in the past,with positive efficacy.Salidroside(Sal)and its glycoside tyrosol are the main active ingredients of Rhodiola rosea,which is the quality measure of Rhodiola rosea.It has been shown that Sal acts through multiple pathways such as adenylate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase(JNK),extracellular signal-regulated kinase(EPK)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)to inhibit oxidative stress and promote mitochondrial autophagy,thus exerting its unique anti-peroxidative effects and providing new preventive and therapeutic approaches for oxidative stress-related diseases.At present,Rhodiola rosea extract is mainly available in oral dosage form and intravenous liquid dosage form.According to the existing clinical applications and animal experiments,it is proved to have significant efficacy in the protection and treatment of the cardiovascular system,respiratory system,nervous system,liver,and other organs,and has therapeutic effects such as anti-tumor,anti-virus,and immunity improvement,with good safety and no acute and chronic toxicity,and has a wide range of clinical applications.In this paper,we review the research progress of pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of Sal in recent years to provide a reference for clinical application of Rhodiola rosea in the treatment of multi-system and multi-organ diseases.