马克思恩格斯经典化翻译传播思想核心话语考释

Marx and Engels's Conception of Canonizing Translation

本文基于马克思恩格斯外文原典,全面考证分析其翻译传播思想的核心话语。其经典化翻译传播思想主要内涵总结如下:一是实施动态化的翻译过程,即译作再现原作经典、译作比原作更加经典、译作使原作更加经典;二是遵循活力等效、风格再现、分众化传播、译文高度精确化以及译本互文互鉴五项翻译原则;三是建立四项翻译制度,即保留翻译权、选拔政治可靠的优秀译者、采取科学严密的翻译流程和翻译与传播一体化;四是采取试译、译审、倒译、改写、重译、转译、省译和增译八大翻译策略。马克思恩格斯经典化翻译思想源自其丰富的翻译实践和系统的译学论述,是马克思主义基本原理的重要组成部分,对世界翻译传播理论建设做出重要贡献。

This article summarizes the main ideas of Marx and Engels's conception of canonizing translation.By canonizing translation,they mean rendering canonized source texts into a different language in such a way that the target texts not just reproduce their canonicity,but also dynamically enhance and even surpass whatever the original has achieved,so that the translations also establish themselves solidly as canons in the target linguistic and cultural context.According to Marx and Engels,to practice canonizing translation,one should adhere to five principles,namely,equivalence in rhetorical impacts;equivalence in stylistic effects;adaptation to specific target readers;high precision in conveying the meaning of the source text;and cross-referring with other translated versions of the source texts concerned.In addition,four practical guidelines should be followed:the right of translation should be reserved only for the original authors;only politically reliable and technically competent translators qualify for the job in question;the procedure for undertaking the project of translation should be scientifically justified and rigorously planned;and the translators should always keep the project's communicative telos in their minds.And finally,canonizing translation could be facilitated with the adoption of eight strategies.They include trial translation;proofreading;back translation;rewriting;retranslation;transfer translation;omission;and addition.Marx and Engels's thoughts on canonizing translation originated from their rich translation practices and systematic exploration of translation theories.These thoughts constitute a significant part of Marxist discourse and have contributed much to the development of translation and communication theories.