中医特色戒烟计划联合5A护理在老年糖尿病吸烟患者中的应用

Application of traditional Chinese medicine characteristic smoking cessation program combined with 5A nursing in elderly smokers with diabetes

目的探讨中医特色戒烟计划联合5A护理方案在老年糖尿病吸烟患者中的干预效果。方法以2021年8月至2022年7月福建省大田县中医院收治的138例老年糖尿病吸烟患者为研究对象,按照简单随机抽样法分为对照组与观察组,各69例。对照组患者给予常规住院护理与出院延续护理,观察组患者给予中医特色戒烟计划联合5A护理,2组均连续住院干预4周,并于出院后随访4周。比较2组在随访4周后的戒烟有效率,并比较2组在干预前、干预4周和随访4周后中医症候积分(胸闷心烦、痰多黏稠和烦躁易怒)、日吸烟量和戒烟意愿[糖尿病与吸烟信念量表(DSB)]的差异。结果随访4周后,观察组的戒烟总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预4周和随访4周后,2组的各项中医症候积分和DSB评分均低于干预前,日吸烟量均少于干预前(P均<0.05);观察组的各项中医症候积分和DSB评分均低于同期对照组,日吸烟量均少于同期对照组(P均<0.05)。结论中医特色戒烟计划联合5A护理能显著提高老年糖尿病吸烟患者的戒烟有效率与戒烟意愿,改善其烟草依赖的临床症状,减少吸烟量。

Objective To explore the intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine characteristic smoking cessation program combined with 5A nursing on elderly smokers with diabetes.Methods A total of 138 elderly smokers with diabetes admitted to Datian County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Fujian Province from August 2021 to July 2022 were included and divided into control and observation groups through simple random sampling,with 69 cases in each group.The control group was given routine inpatient nursing and continuous nursing after discharge,while the observation group was given traditional Chinese medicine characteristic smoking cessation program combined with 5A nursing.Both groups were continuously intervened for 4 weeks during hospitalization and were followed up for 4 weeks after discharge.The effective rate of smoking cessation after 4 weeks of follow-up were compared between the two groups,and the differences in traditional Chinses medicine symptom scores(chest tightness and dysphoria,excessive and sticky phlegm,anxiety and irritability),daily smoking amount,and willingness to quit smoking(Diabetes and Smoking Beliefs Scale[DSB])before the intervention,after 4 weeks of intervention,and after 4 weeks of follow-up were compared between the two groups.Results After 4 weeks of follow-up,the total effective rate of smoking cessation in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).After 4 weeks of intervention and 4 weeks of follow-up,the traditional Chinses medicine symptom scores and DSB scores of both groups were lower than those before the intervention,and the daily smoking amount was less than that before the intervention(all P<0.05).The traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores and DSB scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group,and the daily smoking amount was less than that of the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine characteristic smoking cessation program combined with 5A nursing can significantly increase the effective rate of smoking cessation and willingness to quit smoking of elderly smokers with diabetes,improve the clinical symptoms of tobacco dependence,and reduce the amount of smoking.