当代中国新闻的“事实观念”

"The Concept of Fact"in Contemporary Chinese Journalism

事实观念是新闻观念体系中的基础观念,关系到对新闻本体、新闻本源、新闻属性、新闻真实、新闻价值、新闻规律等新闻领域主要问题的实质看法,对新闻实践具有根基性的作用和影响。数字技术、智能技术尽管在一定程度上改变了新闻事实呈现的具体形态,但并没有改变人们对事实地位、属性、功能作用的看法。当代中国新闻(包括新闻实践与新闻研究)拥有自己比较稳定的事实观念:在本体论上,认定事实是新闻的本体(本原)、本源;在认识论上,认为事实是可认识的,表征事实的新闻是能够正确反映呈现事实真实面目的,事实是检验新闻真实性的终极标准。而最具当代中国新闻特色的事实观念是:新闻传播主体尤其是以党媒为主体的专业新闻媒体,应该在树立全面事实观的基础上,特别坚守正面事实观,努力实现全面事实观与正面事实观的统一事实观。或者说,正面事实优先、正面事实主导是当代中国新闻事实观的硬核。总而言之,当代中国新闻的事实观念,是辩证唯物主义的事实观,是价值取向鲜明的事实观,是当代中国新闻整体观念体系的基础观念,也在一定程度上奠定了当代中国自主新闻理论知识体系的基础。

The concept of fact is the basic concept in the news concept system,which is related to the substantive view of the main issues in the field of news such as ontology,origin,attributes,truth,value,law,and etc.,which plays a fundamental role and has profound influence on journalism practices.Although digital technology and intelligent technology have changed the specific form of the presentation of news facts to a certain extent,they have not changed people's views on the status,attributes and functional roles of facts.Contemporary Chinese journalism(including journalism practice and journalism research)has its own relatively stable concept of facts.Ontologically,it defines that facts are the essence and source of news;epistemologically,it is believed that facts are recognizable,and news that represent facts are able to reflect the true nature of the facts presented correctly,which means facts are the ultimate standard for testing the authenticity of news.The most contemporary Chinese journalistic concept of facts is that the main body of news communication,especially the professional news media,mainly the"Party media"(CPC),should establish a"comprehensive view of facts"on the basis,specifically adhere to the"positive view of facts"and strive to realize the"unified factual view",of"comprehensive factual view"and"positive factual view",which also means"positive facts first"and"positive facts dominate"are the"hard core"of contemporary Chinese journalism.In a word,the factual concept of contemporary Chinese journalism is a dialectical materialist view of facts,a value-oriented view of facts,a basic concept of the overall concept system of contemporary Chinese journalism,and,to a certain extent,the foundation of the independent knowledge system of contemporary Chinese journalism theory.