改善激光熔覆镍基复合涂层耐磨性研究进展

Research Progress on Improving Wear Resistance of Nickel-Based Composite Coatings by Laser Cladding

激光熔覆镍基涂层具有结合强度高、耐磨性好的优点,在提升材料表面性能中发挥重要作用。普通镍基涂层中耐磨硬质相数量少,其硬度和耐磨性难以满足零件在恶劣环境下的使用要求。为进一步提升涂层的耐磨性,国内外学者在涂层中机械外加或原位合成硬质陶瓷颗粒,或在涂层中加入石墨烯、碳纳米管和稀土氧化物,或在工艺参数与涂层性能之间建立预测模型,使用自适应混沌差分进化算法、灰色关联分析法等算法对工艺参数进行优化,或在激光熔覆时采用辅助处理。综述了涂层成分、工艺参数和辅助处理对镍基复合涂层耐磨性的影响,并对激光熔覆镍基复合涂层的发展进行了展望。

Laser cladding nickel-base coatings are playing an important role in improving the surface properties of materials due to their high bonding strength and good wear resistance.However,the hardness and wear resistance of common nickel-based coatings are difficult to meet the application requirements of parts in harsh environment due to the lack of wear-resistant hard phase.In order to further improve the wear re-sistance of the coating,several strategies were proposed by domestic and foreign scholars:mechanically adding or in-situ synthesizing hard ce-ramic particles in the coating,or adding graphene,carbon nanotubes and rare earth oxides in the coating,or establishing a prediction model between the process parameters and the coating performance and then optimizing the process parameters using algorithms such as adaptive chaos differential evolution algorithm and gray correlation analysis,or using auxiliary processing in laser cladding.In this paper,the influence of coat-ing composition,process parameters and auxiliary treatment on wear resistance of nickel-base composite coating was reviewed,and the devel-opment prospect of laser cladding nickel-base composite coating was put forward.