非传统的人权历史叙事方式及其法治意义

Non-traditional Narrative Mode of Human Rights History and Its Significance of Rule of Law

传统的人权历史叙事方式认为人权渊源于西方悠久的以斯多葛学派和基督教为代表的普世主义,以及启蒙运动以降所形成的权利思想史,其展现了人权的历史悠久性、内容的层次性和进步性。而以塞缪尔·莫恩为代表的学者反驳了这种人权历史叙事方式,提出了非传统的人权历史叙事方式,认为作为全球道德诉求与乌托邦愿景的人权实际出现于20世纪70年代中期,呈现了全球层面人权起源之晚近性、成因复杂性和乌托邦属性。这两种人权的历史叙事方式有一定暗合之处。尽管非传统的人权历史叙事方式有一定局限性,但其具有重要的法治意义:呈现了法治的普遍性认同之内在价值逻辑,为思考全球法治难题提供了价值论意义上的理论视角,为重思人权与主权的关系提供了新思路。不过,这种法治意义受限于非传统的人权历史叙事方式在人权的道德性与政治性之间的逻辑张力。

The traditional historical narrative mode of human rights held that human rights were rooted in the long history of Western Stoicism and Christian Universalism,and the intellectual history of rights formed after the Enlightenment.It shows the long history of human rights,the level of content and progress.The scholars represented by Samuel Moyn refuted this traditional narrative mode of human rights history and proposed non-traditional narrative mode of human rights history,human rights,as a global moral demand and utopian vision,actually appeared in the mid-1970s,showing the late origin,the complexity of causes and the utopian nature of human rights at the global level.Although there is some tension between these two historical narratives of human rights,there are also some coincidences.Although there are some limitations in non-traditional narrative mode of human rights history,it has an important significance of the rule of law:it presents the inherent value logic of the universal recognition of the rule of law,and provides a theoretical perspective in the sense of axiology for thinking about the global rule of law and a new way of thinking about the relationship between human rights and sovereignty.But the significance of the rule of law is limited by the logical tension between the moral and political nature of human rights in the non-traditional historical narrative of human rights.