论科学立法的科学哲学证成及其整合策略

Legisprudence and Interdisciplinary Studies on Scientific Legislation

立法的科学性仍然是立法学中一个富有争议性的论题。为了重新省思“科学立法是否可能以及如何可能”的问题,本文从逻辑实证主义、社会历史主义和社会建构主义三种代表性的科学哲学观点入手,简扼勾勒了三种观点项下的科学立法证成,并在此基础上引入批判实在论取向的本体论、认识论和方法论,继而提出科学立法的结构—机制整合策略。这种整合策略的要旨可以概括为两点:第一,提倡一种从外部的、科学哲学的视角,而非单纯局限在内部的、法律人的视角;第二,在精确的自然科学意义上,建构一门有效的、解放性的立法科学是完全可欲的,为了实现这种可欲性,立法者/立法工作者应从社会机制出发并以寻找最具解释力的社会机制为旨归。

The scientificity of legislation is still a controversial arena in lawmaking.In order to reconsider the question of whether and how scientific legislation is possible,this article articulates the justification of scientific legislation under three representative philosophical views of science:logical positivism,social historicism,and social constructivism.On this basis,the ontology,epistemology,and methodology of the critical realism are introduced,and a strategy of structural-mechanical integration of scientific legislation is proposed.This integration strategy can be summarized in two core points.Firstly,it advocates for looking legislation from the“outside”,the standpoint of the philosophy of science,rather than purely from the“inside”,the standpoint of the jurists.Secondly,it constructs a valid and emancipatory legislative science in the sense of a precise natural science.In order to achieve this desirability,the legislators/legislative staff should start from the social mechanism and seek the most explanatory ones.