非例示类型作品与例示类型作品之间的司法适用关系

Work of Non-exemplary and Exemplary Types in Legal Practice

《著作权法》2020年修订将作品类型由封闭式列举调整为开放的例示模式,该调整使作品类型应否法定的理论与司法实践分歧不再有立法上的依据。司法实践必然面对非例示类型作品与例示类型作品之间的司法适用关系。鉴于作品类型化对提高受著作权保护之作品的识别效率与对权利内容配置所具有的意义,司法实践面对诉请保护之作品,应该优先将其归属特定的例示类型作品。但为避免对非例示类型作品保护的国际不对等,不应扩大解释例示类型作品的概念将非例示类型作品纳入其中保护。在非例示类型作品符合“文学、艺术与科学领域”以及“智力成果”两个条件的前提下,应该适用类比推理的裁判方法,选择适用最为类似的例示类型作品之独创性判断以及思想与表达之间划界的裁判方法,判断该种非例示类型作品是否符合该两个条件,并适用所选例示类型作品依法应享有的权利内容。

Since the system of work types adjust from closed enumeration to open mode of exemplary types in the revision of China's Copyright Act in 2020,the theoretical differences and different judicial concepts on whether the types of work should be closed no longer have legislative basis.Judicial practice has to face the relationship between the work of non-exemplary types and the work of exemplary types.In view of the significance of the classification of works to improve the efficiency of identifying copyrighted works and to allocate the rights,the judicial practice should prioritize the work to be classified as the work of specific exemplary type for the work that file for protection.However,in order to avoid the international asymmetrical protection of the work of non-exemplary types,the interpretation of the work of exemplary types should not include the work of non-exemplary types.In the case that the conditions of"literature,art and science"and"intellectual property"of the work of non-exemplary types could be met,the analogical reasoning method should be applied,choosing to apply the judging methods on"originality"and idea/expression dichotomy of the most similar work of exemplary types to judge whether the work of non-exemplary types could meet the conditions of"originality"and idea/expression dichotomy.In addition,the content of the rights that should be enjoyed by the works of non-exemplary type is also analogized to that of the chose work of exemplary types.