论数据产权登记

Registration of Data Property Rights

数据产权登记是一种新型的财产权登记,其具有证明数据权利归属和内容的功能,降低数据权利转让或数据交易成本的功能,以及保护数据权利与维护数据交易安全的功能。数据产权登记以实体法明确规定数据上的权利类型、内容、效力等为前提,故此其不具有确认数据产权的功能。数据产权登记的标的物是数据,而非数据资源或数据产品。至于数据产权登记能力需要由实体法作出相应的规定。数据产权登记簿应当采取人的编制主义,其上应当记载用以描述数据的相关信息,从而使被登记的数据被特定化或者可得特定化。为了保证数据上权利的稳定与促进数据交易,应当赋予数据产权登记以转让效力,即数据权利的产生、变更、转让和消灭以登记作为生效要件,未经登记的,不发生权利变动的效果。此外,在数据产权登记簿能够与真实的数据权利状况相一致的情形下,还可以赋予数据产权登记簿以推定效力和公信效力。

Data property rights registration is a new type of property registration that serves to prove property rights of data,reduce the costs of transferring data rights or trading data,and protect data rights and maintain data transaction security.The premise of data property registration is to clarify the types,content,effectiveness and other aspects of rights on data under substantive law,so it does not have the function of confirming data property rights.The subject matter of data property registration is data,not data resources or data products.The ability of data property registration needs to be clarified by substantive law.The data property registration book should be compiled with attention to detail and should record relevant information for describing the data,so that the registered data can be specified or made specific.In order to ensure the stability of data rights and promote data transactions,the effect of transfer should be given to data property registration,which means that the creation,modification,transfer,and termination of data rights would be effective only after registration.Whithout registration,no change of rights will take effect.In addition,when the data property registration book is consistent with the actual data ownership status,it can also be given the effect of presumption and credibility.