论国际气候变化法的体系化

Systematic Development of International Climate Change Law

在政治博弈和体系化的平衡中发展,是国际气候变化法演变的现实路径。尽管国际气候变化法因政治博弈的影响在规范形式上经常呈现出阶段性妥协的特征,但长期而言,体系化才是其发展和完善遵循的内在逻辑。通过政府间气候变化专门委员会的评估结论为气候变化的规范调整提供科学基础,借助人类共同关切事项将气候变化议题纳入规范体系,国际气候变化法初步形成了包含目标、原则和规则等要素在内的体系化框架。为进一步促进国际气候变化法的体系化,应通过目标体系的具体化、配套实施规则的完善以及气候变化诉讼的功能补充,增强目标体系的刚性;对以公平原则为基础的法律原则进行实质解释,将公平原则下位的共同但有区别的责任原则视为责任分配原则,将各自能力原则视为责任履行原则,并通过国家自主贡献的评审促进具有可比性公平标准的建立;平衡各类规则的配置,适度提升适应规则、确定性规则的比重,促进《公约》框架下内部规则与外部规则之间的衔接。国际气候条约的缔约方会议作为整体机制“自上而下”的推动与各缔约方“自下而上”的国家实践结合,将逐步推动国际气候变化法体系化的进一步完善。

The balance between political games and systematization is the viable path for the development of international climate change law.Inadequate systematization has undermined the authority,stability,and predictability of international climate change law,even exacerbating the excessive interference of political games in the systematization of international climate change law.By providing a scientific basis for the regulation of climate change through the assessment findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,and incorporating climate change issues into the normative system through the concept of common concern of mankind,the international climate change law has initially formed a systematic framework comprising objectives,principles and rules.However,this framework stil suffers from the lack of rigidity in the objective system,the obvious tendency of pragmatism in the interpretation of principles and the imbalance in the structure of rules.In order to further promote the systematization of international climate change law,the rigidity of the target system should be further enhanced through the concretization of the target system,the improvement of the supporting implementation rules and the functional supplementation of climate change litigation.The connection between internal and external rules under the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)will be promoted through the substantive interpretation of the legal principles based on the principle of equity;the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities under the principle of equity as the principle of responsibility allocation;the principle of individual capabilities as the principle of responsibility implementation;the establishment of comparable equity standards through the evaluation of nationally determined contributions;balance of the configuration of various types of rules,enhancement of the proportion of adaptation rules and certainty rules.