不同坡度跑对下肢关节生物力学影响的研究进展

Research Progress on the Influence of Different-Slope Running on the Biomechanics of the Joints of Lower Limbs

随着《全民健身计划》的持续推进,人们的健身需求也在不断优化,通过设置不同坡度训练模式来满足不同锻炼需求的目的也逐渐被重视。该研究基于比较不同坡度上坡、下坡与水平跑时人体下肢生物力学差异对各个关节的做功及运动损伤的影响,从而为锻炼者在最优坡度的选择及科学进行体育锻炼等方面提供理论参考。结果发现,不同坡度跑时空参数的影响主要体现在上坡、下坡跑时步频的增加和步长的缩短,重心垂直位移在较陡峭的上坡及下坡跑时显著减小;在关节刚度、做功模式、关节承载负荷及着地模式等方面,不同坡度跑都与水平跑有显著差异,且在下坡跑时因下肢关节在触地瞬间所承受的载荷远大于自身体重,所以发生运动损伤的概率大于水平跑与上坡跑。

With the continuous promotion of the"national fitness"program,people's fitness needs are also constantly optimized,and the purpose of meeting different exercise needs is gradually paid attention to by setting the differentslope training mode.This study provides theoretical reference for exercisers in the selection of optimal slopes and scientific physical exercise based on comparing the influences of the biomechanical differences of human lower limbs on joint work and motor injuries of each joint during different-slope uphill and downhill running and horizontal running.Results show that the influence of spatiotemporal parameters during different-slope running is mainly reflected in the increase of stride frequency and decreasing of step length during uphill and downhill running,and the vertical displacement of the center decreases significantly during steep uphill and downhill running,and that in terms of the joint stiffness,working mode,joint bearing load and landing mode,different-slope running is significantly different from horizontal running,and during downhill running,the load of lower limb joints at the moment of touching the ground is much greater than their own weight,so the probability of sports injuries is greater than that of horizontal running and uphill running.