基于技术传承视角的中国古代职业教育发展进程、特征与启示

he Development Process,Characteristics and Enlightenment of Vocational Education in Ancient China from the Perspective of Technology Inheritance

以手工业、农业、商业为主的中国古代职业教育在进行社会生产时创造了非典型意义上的技能社会,推动着生产技术的极大传播与创新。“以史为镜可以知兴废”,梳理我国古代职业教育的发展脉络,可将其发展史分为萌芽、发展、成熟及衰微四个时期。研究得出我国古代职业教育在技术传承中呈现出以下特征:以追求崇高职业教育精神和道德模范为教育目的;以注重职业技能培养和技能训练为教育内容;以隐性“非学校化”的师徒相授、技艺家传为教育方法;以践行行动导向和生计导向为教育理念。以此挖掘其中永恒要素与闪光内核,以期对持续推进现代职业教育体系建设改革,促进职业教育高质量发展做出启示。

Ancient Chinese vocational education,which was mainly based on handicrafts,agriculture and commerce,created a skill society in an atypical sense during the time of social production,and promoted the great dissemination and innovation of production technology.“Taking the history as a mirror to know the rise and waste”.By sorting out the development phases of ancient vocational education in China,it was found that it could be divided into four periods:germination,development,maturity and decline.The study found that China's ancient vocational education presented the following characteristics in the inheritance of technology:to pursuit of lofty vocational education spirit and moral model as the purpose of education;to take the focus on vocational skills training and skills practices as the content of education;to see the“non-schooling”mentor-apprentice teaching and skill transmission among family members as educational methods;to regard the implementation of action-oriented and livelihood-oriented practices as educational philosophy.In this way,the eternal elements and shining cores are excavated to modernize,in order to continuously promote the construction and reform of the modern vocational education system and promote the high-quality development of vocational education.