关于土地利用碳补偿的思考与展望

Reflections and Prospects on Land Use Carbon Compensation

碳中和对低碳减排与增汇固碳提出了新的要求与挑战。土地利用及其变化对生态系统的碳平衡和其承载的人为碳排放均具有重要的制约作用,优化土地利用是增汇降碳的有力手段。碳补偿是实现碳减排的有效经济措施,同时也促进不同主体和不同区域间的公平性建设。基于土地有偿使用制度,土地利用与碳补偿具有好的结合点能进一步促进碳减排。文章系统梳理了国内外在碳补偿、土地利用与碳源/汇、土地利用与低碳减排、碳排放与土地利用的公平性等方面的研究进展,总结了新时代背景下相关研究所面临的挑战,对未来的土地利用碳补偿理论、方法与应用、发展模式与路径进行了探讨与展望,并提出了相关政策建议,以期更加科学和高效地服务于增汇降碳和协调发展。

Achieving carbon neutrality presents a new set of requirements and challenges,particularly in the areas of carbon emission reduction,sink enhancement,and carbon sequestration.Land use and its changes are crucial factors that shape the carbon balance of ecosystems and their ability to absorb anthropogenic carbon emissions.By optimizing land use,we can effectively increase carbon sinks and reduce emissions.Carbon compensation serves as a potent economic tool to decrease carbon emissions,fostering equity among different stakeholders and regions.It operates on the principle of"compensated use of land"-a system that integrates land use and carbon compensation,further promoting carbon emission reduction.This study meticulously reviews both domestic and international research progress on topics including carbon compensation,the relationship between land use and carbon sources/sinks,land use in relation to low-carbon emission reduction,and the equity of carbon emissions and land use.It also outlines the challenges encountered by this line of research in the modern era.Future directions in theory,methodology,applications,and development models and pathways of land use carbon compensation are also discussed.In order to serve sink enhancement,carbon reduction,and coordinated development more scientifically and efficiently,the study proposes relevant policy recommendations.