西安地区建筑空调供冷室内临界温度研究

Indoor Critical Temperature for Air Conditioning Cooling of Buildings in Xi’an

发展超低能耗甚至近零能耗建筑已成为建筑行业实现“碳达峰、碳中和”的共识。以降低夏季空调能耗为切入点,针对无人工冷源情况下建筑室内设计温度上限的确定问题,以寒冷地区代表城市西安为例,以具有用户可调节空调的建筑为研究对象,在初夏时段采用客观物理环境测试和主观调查问卷收集相结合的方法,探究空调供冷室内临界温度,即室内温度达到多少度时使用者会开启空调。选取操作温度为室内热环境参数,在综合考虑前人热舒适现场调研成果的基础上,得到西安地区建筑空调供冷室内临界温度为28.16℃,对应实测不可接受率为15%;该温度阈值可作为节能建筑夏季室内热环境的控制目标,从而降低建筑空调能耗。

The development of ultra-low energy and even nearly zero energy buildings has become the consensus of the construction industry to achieve“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”.This paper takes the reduction of air conditioning energy consumption in summer as the entry point.To determine the upper limit of indoor design temperature of buildings when no artificial cooling source is used,in early summer,a combination of objective physical environment testing and subjective questionnaire collection is used in buildings with user-adjustable air conditioning in Xi’an,a representative city in the cold region,to explore the indoor critical temperature for air conditioning cooling-that is,the temperature at which the users will turn on the air conditioner.The operating temperature is selected as the indoor thermal environment parameter.Based on the comprehensive consideration of the results of previous thermal comfort field research,the indoor critical temperature for air conditioning cooling of buildings in Xi’an is 28.16℃,corresponding to the measured unacceptable rate of 15%.This temperature threshold can be used as a control target for the indoor thermal environment of energy-saving buildings in summer,to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning.