寒冷地区某办公建筑过渡季节自然通风开窗行为研究

Window Opening Behavior of an Office Building in Cold Regions under Natural Ventilation during the Transitional Season

建筑使用者的开窗行为是建筑节能工作不可忽视的重点之一。根据我国过渡季节自然通风条件下被动式低能耗建筑的运行情况,实测济南某高校被动式低能耗办公建筑自然通风时室内外环境因素和窗户控制动作,分析影响窗户控制动作、开窗率的显著影响因素及影响机理,得出主要结论:1)在上下班时间,使用者开关窗动作明显,室内外环境因素的影响微乎其微,存在室外温度极低或极高情况下仍开窗的情况。2)室外气温、太阳辐射强度是影响开窗率的主要因素,42.5%的开窗率就能够保证室内二氧化碳浓度小于1000 ppm。3)测试期间使用者63.3%的开窗行为不能使被动式低能耗办公建筑获得室内舒适温度,建议根据优化开窗公式约束使用者开关窗行为,可将室温控制在21~29℃。

The behavior of opening windows is one aspect that cannot be ignored in building energy conservation.Based on the operation of passive ultra-low energy buildings under natural ventilation during the transitional season in China,the indoor and outdoor environmental factors and window control actions of a passive ultra-low energy office building in a university in Jinan are measured during natural ventilation.The significant influencing factors and mechanisms of window control and window opening rates are analyzed,and the main conclusions are drawn:1)During the working hours,the users’window opening and closing are obvious,the impact of indoor and outdoor environmental factors is minimal,and windows are still open in extremely low or extremely high outdoor temperatures.2)Outdoor temperature and solar radiant intensity are the main factors affecting the window opening rate,while 42.5%of the window opening rate can ensure that the indoor carbon dioxide concentration is less than 1000 ppm.3)During the testing period,63.3%of users’window opening behavior cannot achieve indoor comfortable temperature in passive ultra-low energy office buildings.It is recommended to constrain window opening and closing behavior according to the optimized window opening formula,and the room temperature can be controlled at 21~29℃.