计算主义:我国法学量化研究的现实谱系

Computationalism:the realistic ancestry of legal quantitative research in China

“法学量化研究”以“计算主义”为认识论基础,作为计算法学的研究范式之一,“法学量化研究”的学理表达不能被法学实证研究所兼并或同化,必须从模糊的学术话语体系中抽离予以单独识别。以2016年~2022年我国主要法学期刊发表的法学量化研究为研究样本,可以大体“绘制”出我国“法学量化研究”的现实谱系。就研究主体而言,我国法学量化研究的主要学术机构呈现“核心—发散”的分布特征,“核心”仍是主流。就研究疆域而言,我国法学量化研究所涉领域逐渐多元,但仍呈现“一家独大”的局面。就研究归旨而言,我国“法学量化研究”承载了“三位一体”的学理功能,包括“事实层”的“法律系统描述(司法现象挖掘)”功能;“规范/制度层”的解释(教义)、检视(法实效)、修正与建构功能;“理论层”的检视(证伪与效验)、修正(再造)与创造功能。这三个功能并非彼此割裂,而是凭借其内部的“自驱和共生”机制,形成了法学量化研究的良性功能互动机制。面向未来的法学量化研究应以“计算法学”为学科归属,一方面强化与社科法学和法教义学的方法论互动,另一方面需要内化其他社会科学的知识以纾解“知识联结之困”。

As one of the research paradigms of computational law science,legal quantitative research is based on computationalism,its academic expression cannot be merged or assimilated by legal empirical research.It must be separated from the vague academic discourse system and identified separately.Taking the legal quantitative research published in China′s major legal journals from 2016 to 2022 as the research sample,we can generally draw the realistic ancestry of legal quantitative research in China.In terms of the research subject,the main academic institutions of legal quantitative research in China present the distribution characteristics of "Core-Divergence",and the "Core" is still the mainstream.As far as the research territory is concerned,the subject of legal quantitative research is gradually diversified,and yet still presents a situation of "One Dominance".While in the research purpose,China′s legal quantitative research carries the theoretical function of "Three-oneness",including the function of legal fact description(judicial phenomenon mining);the interpretation(doctrine),examination( legal effect),correction and construction function of principle;the inspection(falsification and validation),correction(reconstruction) and creative function of theoretical aspect.These three functions are not separated from each other,but form a benign functional interaction mechanism of legal quantitative research by virtue of its internal "self-driving and symbiosis" mechanism.The future-oriented legal quantitative research should take "computational law science" as the discipline conversion.On one hand,it would strengthen the methodological interaction with social science law and legal dogmatics.On the other hand,it needs to internalize the knowledge of other social sciences to relieve the "dilemma of knowledge connection."