无偿献血人群人微小病毒B19感染状况调查

Investigation on the prevalence of human parvovirus B19 infection among voluntary blood donors

目的在现有血液筛查模式下,对苏州地区无偿献血者感染人微小病毒B19的情况进行调查研究。方法随机选取2022年9―12月苏州地区无偿献血者893名,用ELISA法进行B19血清学IgG、IgM抗体检测,并对抗体阳性者进行B19 DNA real-time PCR检测。结果893份标本中,B19抗体总阳性率为20.7%(185/893),IgG、IgM抗体阳性率分别为19.4%(173/893)、1.9%(17/893),2者有差异(P<0.05);男性与女性B19 IgG及IgM抗体阳性率(20.1%,1.5%vs 18.0%,2.6%)均无差异(P>0.05);B19 IgG抗体阳性率随着献血者年龄增长逐渐升高(P<0.05),但IgM抗体阳性率无差异(P>0.05);不同血型人群B19 IgG及IgM抗体阳性率均无差异(P>0.05);重复献血者B19 IgG抗体阳性率高于初次献血者(21.5%vs 15.9%)(P<0.05),IgM抗体阳性率则无差异(P>0.05);在B19抗体阳性标本中,检出B19 DNA阳性3份,阳性率为1.6%(3/185)。结论苏州地区无偿献血者B19抗体阳性率较其他地区偏低且多为既往感染,但仍存在一定比例的急性感染和持续感染,有经血传播风险,在今后输血尤其是高风险易感人群中应特别重视。

Objective To investigate the infection of human parvovirus B19 in Suzhou voluntary blood donors under the current blood screening model.Methods A total of 893 blood donor samples from September to December 2022 were randomly collected.Samples were tested to determine the seroprevalence(anti-B19 IgG and IgM)of B19 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and B19 DNA of positive samples was further detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay.Results Among 893 samples,the total seroprevalence of B19 antibody was 20.7%(185/893),with anti-B19 IgG and IgM positive rate at 19.4%(173/893)and 1.9%(17/893),respectively,showing significant difference(P0.05).No difference in the positive rates of B19 IgG and IgM(20.1%,1.5%vs 18.0%,2.6%)was noticed by gender(P0.05).The prevalence of anti-B19 IgG statistically increased with age(P0.05),while there was no difference in the prevalence of anti-B19 IgM(P0.05).No statistical difference was not found in anti-B19 IgG and IgM samples among different blood groups.The anti-B19 IgG in repeated blood donors was higher than that in first-time donors(21.5%vs 15.9%)(P0.05)while there was no difference in the positive rate of IgM antibodies(P0.05).Three cases were found to be positive for B19 DNA in the B19 antibody positive samples,with the positive rate at 1.6%(3/185).Conclusion Although the prevalence of B19 infection in Suzhou was lower than that in other areas and was mostly past infection,there was still a certain proportion of persistent infection and acute infection,which posed the potential risk of blood transfusion transmission.Therefore,attention should be paid to blood transfusions,especially for the high-risk and susceptible groups.