《愤怒的葡萄》中的危机叙事与团结重构

The Crisis Narrative and Solidarity Reconstruction in The Grapes of Wrath

苦难遭遇、团结危机和团结重构是小说《愤怒的葡萄》的重要主题。斯坦贝克以乔德一家的西迁进程为叙事线索,描写了20世纪三十年代美国中部地区佃农被迫离开土地后的生活惨状。一方面,小说呈现农民因失去土地而面临的生存危机,及由此引发的农民群体内部、沦为流民的俄克佬与加州本地人之间、农民与大产业主之间的利益冲突和团结撕裂。另一方面,逃荒历程中农民个体对危机的反思、团结意识的觉醒、同处危难中的流民家庭之间的互相帮扶,也表征着人类团结的希望。团结重构正是重新定义“我”和“我们”的过程,讲述团结失而复得的故事提升了人们对苦难的感受力和同理心,引导人类思考团结的作用,有助于共同体的构建。

Suffering,solidarity crisis,and solidarity reconstruction are important themes in the novel,The Grapes of Wrath.Using the westward migration of the Joad family as a narrative thread,John Steinbeck depicts the tragic life of sharecroppers after they were forced to leave their land in the central region of the United States during the 1930s.On the one hand,the novel presents the survival crisis faced by farmers,due to their loss of land,as well as the resulting conflicts of interest and the fracture of solidarity within farmers groups,between the Oklahoma migrants and the native Californians,and between farmers and industrialists.On the other hand,the novel captures individual farmers'reflection on the crisis and their awakening consciousness of solidarity during their flee from famine and the mutual assistance among the migrant families while struggling in the same crisis,thus expressing a hope for the solidarity of mankind.The reconstruction of solidarity is a process of redefining what“I”and“we”stand for.A story about the lost and regained solidarity enhances people's sensitivity and empathy for suffering,prompts people to think about the role of solidarity,and contributes to the construction of community.