水稻低磷胁迫响应及其调控机制的研究进展

Research Advance in the Response of Rice to Low Phosphorus Stress and Its Regulation Mechanism

土壤缺磷是限制水稻生长发育的关键因素。研究水稻耐低磷的形态生理变化并进一步阐明磷吸收转运途径,对缓解磷胁迫影响水稻产量和品质形成具有积极意义。本文重点概述了水稻在低磷胁迫下根系和地上部形态特征变化以及磷吸收利用的分子生理机制,促进水稻磷吸收利用的水肥管理措施。讨论了今后研究的重点:水稻根系与土壤互作对土壤有机磷释放的影响;植物激素特别是新型激素对水稻磷吸收、转运及分配的调控作用及其机制;开发磷高效水稻品种和提高磷利用效率的栽培调控途径,以期为筛选和培育耐低磷(磷高效)水稻品种及提高磷利用效率的栽培调控提供理论指导。

Phosphorus deficiency in the soil is a key factor limiting the growth and development of rice(Oryza sativa L.).It is of great significance to elucidate the morph-physiological changes of rice in response to low phosphorus stress and further understand the mechanism underlying the phosphorus uptake and transport,which is also crucial to alleviate phosphorus stress on rice yield and quality.This paper mainly reviewed the changes in the morphology of roots and shoots as well as the physiological and molecular mechanisms of phosphorus uptake and utilization of rice under low phosphorus stress,and proposed crop management practices to enhance phosphorus uptake and utilization in rice.The key points for future researches were also discussed,that is,effect of interaction between rice roots and soil on the release of soil organic phosphorus,regulation and mechanism of plant hormones,especially new plant hormones,on phosphorus absorption,transport and distribution in rice plants,and development of rice varieties with high phosphorus utilization efficiency and exploring cultivation techniques to improve phosphorus use efficiency.This review is expected to provide theoretical guidance for screening and breeding rice varieties with tolerance to low phosphorus stress(phosphorus efficient varieties)and the cultivation regulation for improving phosphorus utilization efficiency.