历史制度主义视角下苏维埃政权初期报刊体制形成考察

An Examination of the Establishment of the Press System in the Early Soviet Regime from the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

苏维埃政权初期报的刊体制形成经历了三个阶段:十月革命胜利之初(1917年11月——1918年6月);国内战争和外国武装干涉时期(1918年6月-1920年底);“新经济政策”时期(1921年-1924年)。从历史制度主义视角进行的考察表明,这一过程主要处于三个因素的影响之下,它们是:苏维埃政权初期的宏观背景、列宁新闻思想以及布尔什维克报刊的实践。苏维埃政权初期报刊体制的特点为:由党的决议决定报刊的发展方向,报刊被纳入行政管理体制。这一体制带有时代的特殊性,其遗产为苏联新闻体制所继承。

The establishment of the press system in the early Soviet Regime went through three stages.The first was during the victory of October Revolution(November 1917-June 1918);the second was during the civil wars and foreign armed intervention(June 1918-late 1920),and the last was during the New Economic Policy(1921-1924).From the perspective of historical institutionalism,it argues that the establishment was mainly influenced by three factors:the macroscopical background in the early Soviet regime,Lenin's news thoughts and Bolshevik's press practice.It was characterized by the fact that the development direction of the press was determined by party resolutions and the press was incorporated into the administrative system.This system was formed in special ages and its legacy was inherited by the Soviet press system.