环太湖城市群土地利用转型及其生态环境效应

Land Use Transition and Associated Eco-Environmental Effects in the Taihu Lake City Cluster

探讨土地利用转型所引发的生态环境效应对于推动区域经济可持续发展,改善生态环境具有重要意义。以环太湖城市群为例,利用GIS空间分析方法,综合生态环境质量指数和生态系统服务功能测度结果,揭示土地利用转型所带来的生态环境效应并识别其显著区域。结果显示:(1)2000~2018年,农业生产用地转为生活用地是研究区土地利用转型的主要特征,共计转出3054.3 km^(2)。生态用地总体变化缓慢,但水域生态用地面积波动较大。苏南城市郊区土地系统有序程度快速提高,研究区东北部和南部土地利用无序程度增强;(2)区域生态环境质量从0.407持续下降至0.392。区域生境质量由0.328降至0.303;固碳服务高值区主要分布在湖州西南部,低值区主要集中在苏州东北部;水资源供给总量由157.33亿m^(3)升至165.41亿m^(3);游憩服务高值区主要分布在湖州西南部和太湖周边,低值区主要分布在太湖中心以及嘉兴东南部;(3)区域生态综合指数均值下降0.026,苏州中部下降最为严重,形成大面积块状冷点,张家港市东部、溧阳市西部生态环境状况有所改善,形成多个局部热点区域;(4)识别出土地利用转型影响生态环境的四类区域:LC-EC区域面积最广,主要分布在研究区东北部;LH-EC区域主要分布在城郊以及部分农村;LC-EH区域面积最小,主要分布在无锡市以及太湖风景区;LH-EH区域主要分布在张家港市以及湖州市。研究结果可为协调区域土地资源开发与改善生态环境提供科学参考。

The exploration of the eco-environmental effects caused by land use transition is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of regional economy and improve the eco-environment.Taking the Taihu Lake city cluster as an example,this paper used the GIS spatial analysis method and integrated the measurement results of the eco-environmental quality index and ecosystem services function to reveal the eco-environmental effects brought about by land use transition and identify salient regions.The results showed that:(1)During 2000-2018,the transition from agricultural production land to living land was the main feature of the land use transition,with a total of 3054.3 km^(2) transferred out,and the overall change in ecological land was slow,but the area of water ecological land fluctuated considerably.The order degree of land system in the suburbs of Southern Jiangsu had increased rapidly,and the disorder degree of land use in the northeast and south of the study area had increased;(2)The overall eco-environmental quality continued to decline from 0.407 to 0.392.The regional habitat quality decreased from 0.328 to 0.303.The high-value areas of carbon sequestration were concentrated in the southwestern part of Huzhou,while the low-value areas were concentrated in the northeastern part of Suzhou.The total water supply rose from 157.33 billion m^(3) to 165.41 billion m^(3).The high-value areas of recreational services were concentrated in the southwestern part of Huzhou and around Taihu Lake,while the low-value areas were concentrated in the centre of Taihu Lake and the southeastern part of Jiaxing;(3)The average eco-environmental comprehensive index had decreased by 0.026.The decline was the most serious in the middle of Suzhou,forming extensive cold spot regions.The eco-environmental status in the east of Zhangjiagang and the west of Liyang had improved,forming many local hot spot regions;(4)Four types of regions where land use transition affected the eco-environment were identified:LC-EC region was the most extensive,mainly distributing in the northeast of the region;LH-EC region was mainly distributed in the suburbs and some rural areas;LC-EH region had minimum area and were mainly distributed in Wuxi and Taihu Lake scenic area;LH-EH region was mainly distributed in Zhangjiagang and Huzhou.The results can provide a scientific reference for coordinating the development of regional land resources and improving the eco-environment.