授人以渔:公共教育支出的减贫效应及作用机制

"Teach People to fish": The Poverty Reduction Effect and Mechanism of Public Education Expenditure

贫困是一个世界性难题,教育扶贫是实现贫困人口彻底稳定脱贫、阻断贫困代际传递的根本途径。通过构建内生增长模型,阐释了公共教育支出减贫效应的作用机理,并基于中国内地30个省份2003—2019年的面板数据,运用固定效应模型实证检验了公共教育支出对贫困的影响机制。研究表明,公共教育支出有助于降低贫困,同时,经济发展、产业结构调整、城镇化、交通基础设施建设和人力资本积累均有利于改善贫困程度,而贸易开放的影响为负。公共教育支出的减贫效应存在显著的区域差异,并通过促进人力资本积累缓解贫困。在此基础上,从扩大教育支出规模、优化教育支出结构等方面提出了一系列提升教育扶贫效果的政策建议,针对各教育阶段实施差异化的教育支出政策,加大对中西部地区的教育投入等,为彻底阻断返贫风险,从根本上实现贫困人口可持续脱贫提供借鉴。

Poverty is a global problem,and poverty alleviation through education is a key for people to get rid of poverty and block the intergenerational transmission of poverty.To explore the influencing mechanism of public education expenditure on poverty reduction,this paper constructs an endogenous growth model that introduces the variable of education expenditure.Based on the Panel data of 30 provinces in the Chinese Mainland from 2003 to 2019,this paper empirically tests the impact of public education expenditure on poverty by using the fixed effect model.Research has shown that public education expenditure helps to reduce poverty,while economic development,industrial restructuring,urbanization,transportation infrastructure construction,and human capital accumulation all contribute to the improvement of rural poverty;trade opening has a negative impact on poverty reduction.There are significant regional differences of public education expenditure in alleviating poverty,and poverty is alleviated by promoting the accumulation of human capital.Accordingly,this paper proposes related policy recommendations to improve the effect of education poverty alleviation from several aspects,such as expanding the scale of education expenditure,optimizing the educational expenditure structure,implementing differentiated education expenditure policies for each Educational stage,increasing investment in education in the central and western regions,etc.,to provide a reference for completely blocking the risk of poverty return and fundamentally achieving sustainable poverty alleviation for the poor.