980例新型冠狀病毒感染患者恢復期中醫臨證候分析

Analysis of clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in 980 patients with novel coronavirus infection in recovery period

目的分析中國澳門新型冠狀病毒感染恢復期患者中醫證候特點。方法回顧分析2023年1月2日~2月18日本院新冠中醫簡易門診接診新型冠狀病毒感染恢復期首診患者980例,採集其基本特徵和中醫證候特徵、用藥信息,並進行分析辨證。結果新型冠狀病毒感染恢復期的就診患者年齡在47歲左右,女性居多。常見症狀有咳嗽(83.84%)、氣短(48.98%)、疲乏(45.71%)、咽癢(34.46%)、口乾(23.62%)等;舌象以淡紅舌為主(45.8%),苔質常見為薄苔(27%)、膩苔(19.1%)。中醫證型以風邪犯肺證為主(33.1%);痰熱阻肺證以青年患者最為常見;邪郁少陽證較多見於45歲以上患者;風熱襲表徵主要見於青中年患者。不同年齡層患者的中醫證型分佈有統計學差異(P>0.05)。結論新冠病毒感染恢復期患者可遺留呼吸道或其它症狀。中醫證候呈現虛實夾雜、本虛標實的特點,實邪以風邪為主,正虛以氣虛、陰虛為主。治療上應重視扶正祛邪,注重顧護肺脾之氣、肺胃之陰,同時應祛風、痰、熱等餘邪。

Objective To analyze the general condition and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes in patients during the COVID-19 recovery period in Macao.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 980 patients with COVID-19 recovery period who visited the TCM simple outpatient clinic of Kiang Wu Hospital in Macao from January 2 to February 18,2023.The basic characteristics,TCM syndrome features,and medication information of the patients were collected and analyzed.Results The patients with COVID-19 recovery period were approximately 47 years old,and most of them were female.Common symptoms were cough(83.84%),dyspnea(48.98%),fatigue(45.71%),throat itching(34.46%),dry mouth(23.62%),etc.;the tongue appearance was mainly pale red tongue(45.8%),and the tongue coating was commonly thin coating(27%)and greasy coating(19.1%).The main TCM syndrome type was wind evil invading lung syndrome(33.1%);phlegm heat obstructing lung syndrome was most common in young patients;depression of evil in shaoyang syndrome was more common in patients over 45 years old;wind heat attacking surface syndrome was mainly seen in young and middle-aged patients.The distribution of TCM syndrome types in different age groups was significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion Patients in the COVID-19 recovery period may have residual symptoms in respiratory tract and other symptoms.The TCM syndromes show the characteristics of a mixture of deficiency and excess,deficiency of root and excess of branch,with wind evil as the main excess evil,and qi deficiency and yin deficiency as the main deficiency of vital energy.The treatment should focus on strengthening vital energy and expelling evil,protecting the qi of lung and spleen,and the yin of lung and stomach,and expelling wind,phlegm,heat and other residual evils.