城市更新视角下的自建房安全治理

Safety Management of Self-Built Houses from the Perspective of Urban Renewal

房屋安全关系到人民群众的生命财产安全,保障房屋安全是践行“以人民为中心”的发展思想与建设“宜居、韧性、智慧”城市的基础。我国的城市化进程已推进40年,近年来,大量房屋老化,历史累积的安全隐患开始集中显现,居民自建房坍塌造成伤亡的事故时有发生,居民自建房安全已然成为一些地方城镇化进程中的棘手问题。总结多起垮塌事故的调查报告,导致建筑物坍塌事故多发的主要原因:一是自建房结构安全存在先天不足。二是违法建设、违规改变使用功能、违规改建、施工导致安全隐患重重。三是安全监管不到位,多数地方自建房安全监管体制机制不顺,基层监管力量严重不足,审批和监管脱节,特别是对经营性自建房监管缺位。实施城市更新行动,高质量建设“宜居、韧性、智慧”的现代新型城市,需要从完善法律、制度,制定技术规范,提高治理水平等方面入手,解决城市自建房安全问题。

Building safety is related to human life and property safety.Ensuring building safety is the basis for practicing"the people-centered philosophy of development"and for building a"livable,resilient and intelligent"city.We have been promoting the urbanization of China for forty years,however,in recent years,a large number of houses have aged and historic accumulated safety hazards have begun to appear centrally.The safety of residents'self-built houses has become a thorny issue in the process of urbanization in some places,as casualty accidents caused by collapses of residents'self-built houses occur from time to time.After summarizing the investigation reports on the causes of many collapse accidents,the main reasons leading to the occurrence of building collapse accidents are,firstly,the inherent deficiencies in the structural safety of self-built houses.Secondly,illegal construction,illegal change of usage function and illegal renovation and construction lead to numerous safety hazards.Thirdly,safety supervision is inadequate.Most local self-built house safety supervision systems are unclear and the primary-level supervision is seriously lacking.In addition,there is a disconnection between approval and supervision,especially the lack of supervision of operative self-built houses.