中国参与全球气候治理的角色演变与路径优化

The Role Evolution and Path Optimization of China′s Participation in Global Climate Governance

气候变化威胁人类的发展和延续,气候治理已成为全球性议题。中国一直坚持参与全球气候治理,积极履行自己的责任和义务,为全人类的共同命运贡献自己的力量。全球气候治理经历了五个发展阶段,全球气候治理起始阶段(1972—1992年)、全球气候治理发展阶段(1992—1997年)、全球气候治理“自上而下”进展阶段(1997—2001)、后京都时代全球气候治理停滞阶段(2001—2015年)和《巴黎协定》下全球气候治理“自下而上”推进阶段(2015年至今)。中国跟随全球气候治理进程经历了谨慎参与、战略防御、发展协同和主动引领四个时期,完成了消极观望、被动接受、主动参与和积极引领四种角色的转换。角色定位决定了我国参与全球气候治理的路径选择:一是提高中国参与全球治理能力;二是增强与其他气候治理主体的合作与协调;三是推动完善全球气候治理机制;四是以人类命运共同体理念引领全球气候治理。

Climate change poses a threat to human development and continuity,and climate governance has become a global issue.China has been actively participating in global climate governance,fulfilling its responsibilities and obligations,and contributing to the common destiny of all humanity.The global climate governance can be divided into five stages:the initial stage of global climate governance(1972—1992),the development stage of global climate governance(1992—1997),the“top-down”progress stage of global climate governance(1997—2001),the stagnation stage of global climate governance in the post-Kyoto era(2001—2015),and the“bottom-up”promotion stage of global climate governance under the Paris Agreement(2015—present).China has gone through four stages:cautious participation,strategic defense,development synergy,and proactive leadership in following the global climate governance process.It has completed the transformation of four roles:passive wait-and-see,passive acceptance,active participation,and active leadership.The role orientation determines the path choice for countries to participate in global climate governance.It is proposed to improve China′s ability to participate in global governance,enhance cooperation and coordination with other climate governance entities,promote the improvement of global climate governance mechanisms,andleading global climate governance with the concept of a Community of Common Destiny.